Life Span Development Essays (634 words) - Curious George, H. A. Rey

Life Span Development In the book, Curious George rides a bike by H.A. Rey, George receives a new bike from his friend. His friend tells him to be careful with his new bike and to keep close to the house while he is gone. George does not listen to his friend and decides to go exploring away from the house. While exploring, George sees two boys playing with their toy boats and then decides that he wants to play with a toy boat. George made a plan (how to make the boat) and then he carried out the task. George made himself a boat out of newspaper. This is an example of stage two, 1-3 years, Erikson. In stage two, children express their growing self control by climbing, touching, exploring, and try to do things for themselves. (Dennis Coon) Though most children in stage two would be exploring their kitchen floor, or ceiling, not a river! I also read the story, Curious George gets a medal by H.A. Rey. In this story George makes a mess in his friends house. George is anxious to clean up the mess before his friend gets home. The reason that he is so eager to clean up the mess is because he is thinking about the possible consequences of his actions. If this were an actual little boy, he would be thinking, I don`t want to get punished, so I will clean up the mess. Or, Oh, No! I`m going to get into big trouble! This is an example of Stage 1 the preconventional level, Kohlberg. If his friend weren`t coming home would George work so vigorously to clean up the mess? I think not. In the second half of the book, George is asked to help a professor in a somewhat dangerous experiment. The professor that has asked this of him says, Of course everything will be forgiven if you are willing to go. (George got into a bit of trouble while he was there.) George agrees to this request because he wants to please others. George wants to be nice. Why would a child want to please others? It`s because they are trying to avoid disapproval. This is an example of Stage 3, the conventional level, Kohlberg. The last book that I read was Curious George by H.A. Rey. George is taken from his home in Africa, to a big ship. His friend tells him to run along and play but don`t get into any trouble. George promises to be good. George found some sea gulls on the deck, and saw that they could fly. He wanted to fly too. George tried to fly, and fell into the ocean instead. Obviously, George is not thinking logically. He does not realize that he can not fly. This is an example of the preoperational stage, 2-7 years. Piaget. I have another example of the preoperational stage not related to the book. My little sister, Zo, is 4 years old. My mother recently bought her a personalized song tape. In the beginning of the tape it asks her to yell out her name. She screams, Zo!!. Then it says Zo?! That`s a nice name! Throughout the tape her name is included in all of the songs. She thinks that the person talking can really here her! Now, getting back on track. After falling into the ocean George is rescued and once again promises that he will not get into any more trouble. Why would an actual child decide this if he/she were in the same situation? They would act this way because they would be thinking about their own needs. They wouldn't want to fall into the water again or be upset in any way. This is an example of stage two, the preconventional stage, pleasure-seeking orientation. In conclusion, I have found these stages to hold true, in my own personal life, and in children`s storybooks. It`s really great to finally understand why my little sister acts the way she does!

Vocabulary Quiz on Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech

Vocabulary Quiz on Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his now-famous I Have a Dream speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. This multiple-choice vocabulary quiz is based on the opening five paragraphs of that speech. The quiz should help you build your vocabulary by using context clues to determine the meanings of Kings memorable words. Instructions:Carefully read these five paragraphs from the opening of Dr. Kings I Have a Dream speech. Notice in particular the words in bold. Then, guided by context clues, respond to the ten multiple-choice questions that follow. In each case, identify the synonym that most accurately defines the word as its used by Dr. King in his speech. When youre done, compare your responses with the answers. Opening Paragraphs of the I Have a Dream Speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous1 decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared2 in the flames of withering3 injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles4 of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing5 in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so weve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense, weve come to our nations capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note6 to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted7 on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, weve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed8 spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism9. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate10 valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. momentous(a) lasting for just a brief moment(b) of great importance or significance(c) belonging to the distant pastseared(a) painfully burned or scorched(b) highlighted, illuminated(c) lost, forgotten, abandonedwithering(a) devastating, humiliating(b) refreshing, rejuvenating(c) non-stop, endlessmanacles(a) laws, rules, principles(b) habits, routines(c) shackles, handcuffslanguishing(a) hiding, kept out of sight(b) existing in miserable or disheartening conditions(c) lasting for a long time or slow to endpromissory note(a) a written promise to repay a debt(b) a union formed for mutual benefit(c) a pledge to do what is right under the lawdefaulted(a) brought shame or disgrace on someone(b) rewarded or paid back(c) failed to fulfill an obligationhallowed(a) formed by making a hole(b) nearly forgotten, largely ignored(c) highly respected, regarded as holygradualism(a) forcible overthrow of a social order(b) a policy of step-by-step reform over time(c) forgetfulness, neglectdesolate(a) brightened with light(b) depressingly empty or bare(c) profound, deep Here are the answers to the Vocabulary Quiz on the I Have a Dream Speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. (b) of great importance or significance(a) painfully burned or scorched(a) devastating, humiliating(c) shackles, handcuffs(b) existing in miserable or disheartening conditions(a) a written promise to repay a debt(c) failed to fulfill an obligation(c) highly respected, regarded as holy(b) a policy of step-by-step reform over time(b) depressingly empty or bare

Bottom of the Pyramid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bottom of the Pyramid - Essay Example By targeting the middle and lower incomes, they can hope to cash in on the phenomenon on the rising imbalance in wealth across the globe. What the article implies is that people who scrape together a living may well be the gold mine that marketers may want to look at. By scraping the bottom, the marketers may well find gold dust that has been neglected for so long.  The authors make the point that there are four tiers of the consuming classes. The tier 1 is the most affluent with annual incomes more than $20,000.   The next two tiers 2 and 3 have annual incomes in the range of $1,500 to $20,000, while the last tier makes up of those who have incomes less than $1,500 annually.   The article makes a strong case for devoting resources to target the tier 4 consumers.   The point about social unrest due to the ability of the tier 4 consumers disturbing the lifestyles of other tiers is discussed.  Therefore, it is in the interests of all sections to maintain the equitable balance in society to ensure that the tier 4 consumers are not neglected.   This is the social point of view.   However, as the article states, there are compelling reasons from the profit point of view as well to create a market for tier 4 consumers.   The wave of industrialization and globalization has created a category of consumers who are willing to try and experiment with new products but do not have the resources to buy premium products.   Thus, there is a need to create and make products that are suitable for this class of consumers.

The Greenhouse Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Greenhouse Effect - Essay Example Most scientists worldwide accept the sufficient evidence that suggests global warming is already well underway and cannot be reversed anytime soon. They and reasonable people of all backgrounds and nationalities agree that if CO2 emissions are not greatly reduced and soon, the resulting greenhouse effect will alter the climate and possibly the sustainability of humankind. Essentially, the greenhouse effect functions in the following manner. When sunlight pierces the atmosphere and hits the earth’s surface, not all of the sun’s solar energy is absorbed. Approximately a third of it is reflected back into space. Specific atmospheric gases serve in much the same way as does the glass of a greenhouse, thus the terminology. These gases allow sunlight to penetrate then trap some of the solar energy which heats the earth (Breuer, 1980). It is a delicate balance and because these greenhouse gases have been artificially augmented by man-made sources, more build up in the atmosphere has occurred thus trapping more of the sun’s energy and reflecting less back in to space. This occurrence is causing the earth to warm. If the balance between the CO2 levels in the ocean and atmosphere is disturbed by interjecting increasing amounts of CO2, the oceans would continually absorb higher concentrations than it does naturally. The subsequent warming ocean waters are less effective in their ability to absorb CO2 and when the oceans can no longer keep pace with the intrusion of this naturally equalized cycle, then more CO2 will remain in the atmosphere. Increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is expected to result in a warming of the Earth’s surface accelerating the greenhouse effect.

Financial Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Risk Management - Essay Example An analysis of the article Risk Management Lessons from the Credit Crisis can effectively assist in evaluating financial risk management particularly in light of the credit crisis. In presenting its cause, the article is divided into a number of parts each of which has its own speciality. Section 1 looks at the various structures of the modern risk measurement systems. Of particular interest is the position-based risk measurement system that tackles the various drawbacks brought by the traditional returns-based system. The traditional system is shown to be rigid in that it cannot adjust to the various new parameters that characterize a dynamic society. In essence, they prove to be largely unreliable, thereby necessitating the adoption of the position-based measures. The article highlights how the position based risk measures are more versatile and can accommodate various aspects in relation to the dynamism of the contemporary society. Part 2 of the article focuses on the various risk s that establishments are exposed to. The classification is divided into broad categories of known knowns, the unknown unknowns, and even the known unknowns. All of these categories are reached at depending on the pre-existing uncertainties, with the most uncertain risk being classified under the unknown unknowns. Known knowns are fairly manageable, and are the most basic of uncertainties that an institution is bound to encounter. The traditional system is shown to be rigid in that it cannot adjust.

Response of Blood Urea using RF Scalar Network Analyzer

Response of Blood Urea using RF Scalar Network Analyzer â€Å"2015 International Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICTSD-2015), Feb. 04 – 06, 2015, Mumbai, India† Ingrid Anne P. Nazareth,  Rajendra S. Gad,  Sulaxana R. Vernekar,  Gourish M. Naik Abstract—Urea content in the human blood is an important parameter to monitor the healthy state of a human being. Normally a patient is sent to pathological laboratories for blood extraction to quantify the actual urea percentage. Although this method is accurate, it requires a lot of time and reagents. It also involves the fear of infection during the extraction of blood. The method described in this manuscript gives a simple technique based on RF response of urea in the human tissue. In this paper, laboratory samples of various urea percentages were prepared and their responses were measured using a RF dielectric loss cell. The setup consists of a signal generator and a spectrum analyzer connected in scalar network mode to measure the RF response from 10MHz to 500MHz. The results show that there is a linear relation between the dielectric loss and the percentage of urea in the sample. Keywords—Urea, Health, RF Spectroscopy, Multivariate Regression. Introduction Health is a condition of entire physical, social, and mental well being, and not exactly the absence of disease or infirmity.[1]-[3] Good Health or healthy living inhumans beings is the generally the normal condition of apersons body and mind, which means to be free fromillness,painor injury.[1] Health care providers promote good health in humans as well as prevent or cure health problems. A number of other factors like the â€Å"determinants of health† can also influence the health status of persons, which include lifestyle, background, social and economic conditions. High levels of stress can also affect health tremendously.[4] Health is often marred by illnesses and diseases sometimes curable, sometimes incurable.[5] The disease can affect any part of the body for which there are medications available accordingly. One of the most important organs are the kidneys in which urea is a primary components of urine which is filtered by them. The handling of urea by the kidneysis an important part of mammalian metabolism. Urea has various roles to play including thecounter current exchange systemof thenephrons which reabsorbs water and critical ions from the excretedurine and as a carrier of waste nitrogen. The conversion factor 0.028 g/mmol can be used to estimate the equivalent nitrogen content (ingram) of urea (inmmol).[6]Subsequently, 1gram of nitrogen is approximately equivalent to 6.25grams ofprotein, and 1gram of protein is more or less equivalent to 5grams ofmuscletissue. 1mmol of excessive urea in the urine, measured by urea concentration in mmol/l multiplied by urine volume in litres roughly equals to a muscle loss of 0.67gram in conditions of muscle wasting. Uraemiaor uremia which means urea in the blood can be defined as a surplus of protein and amino acid metabolism end products (urea andcreatinine) in the blood that is usually excreted in the urine.[7] Symptoms of uremia include fatigue, weakness, nausea and vomiting leading to loss of appetite,[8] muscle wasting, shallow respiration, metabolic acidosis, tremors and abnormal mental function. In case dialysis or kidney transplant is not carried out, uremia will lead to renal failure causing stupor, coma and ultimately death. [9][10]One of the Potential Uremic Toxins is urea present at high concentrations i.e. >300mg/dL or >50mmol/L. The effect of high uremic toxins are headaches, vomiting, fatigue, carbamylation of proteins.[10] The onset of uremia is untimely for people who have kidney disorder. People who are over 30 years old and have a kidney function below 50% (Glomerular Filtration Rate [GFR] from 50 to 60 mL) are inclined to have a high degree of uremia. Incidentally in the United States, around 8 million people have uremic symptoms with a GFR of Blood tests Primary tests performed for the diagnosis of uremia arebasic metabolic panelwith serumcalciumandphosphorusto evaluate theGFR,blood urea nitrogenand creatinineas well as serumpotassium,phosphate,calciumandsodiumlevels. Uremia will show high levels of urea and creatinine, high phosphate, normal or slightly high sodium, likely depressed calcium levels and elevated potassium. The physician will check foranemia, thyroid and parathyroid functions in a basic routine test. A warning sign of established renal failure is chronic anemia. Calcium abnormalities can be determined by the thyroid and parathyroid panels as they are related to uremia as longstanding or unrelated illness of calcium metabolism, as well as work up any symptoms of fatigue. B. Urine tests In order to determine urea and creatinine clearance, a 24 hour urine collection may be an alternative but not be a very precise test due to the collection procedure. Alternate laboratory tests, that should be considered for the presence of blood casts, pH and protein, areurinalysiswith microscopic examination.[12] Methodology The constituents like Urea whose frequency responses are to be measured are dissolved in a known quantity of distilled water. The multivariate and curve-fitting statistical applications can model the multi-frequency bio-electrical impedance spectrum to develop parameters to estimate body composition like Urea, Cholesterol, Glucose etc.[13] The principle behind the response of these constituents is based on absorption of EM energy by various molecular vibrations in the sample. Preparation of samples Urea ranges from 10-20 mg/dL. Average concentration of urea i.e. 15 mg/dL was used in the preparation of samples. The solution samples were prepared using double distilled water with half, normal, double and triple concentrations of urea. All the above said concentrations of urea were dissolved in 1 mL of Alcohol and 14 mL of water. Experiments were performed in fast sweep mode followed by the slow sweep mode. The experiment was repeated twice with a gap of one hour and two hours, to invalidate the environmental effect. Both the results were compared to the initial results and were found to be accurate with a slight error. Cell Design A cell was fabricated with a length of 12.5cms, breadth of 1cm and height of 2cms. The inside and outside of the cell was lined with a thin copper foil which was then grounded. In order to prevent external radiation, the cell was placed in an iron container which was grounded.[14] The tracking generator, cell and signal analyzer were fastened onto a wooden plank to prevent any displacements as shown in Fig. 1. The tracking generator used is the ‘Signal Hound tracking generator’ and the signal analyzer used is the ‘Signal Hound Signal Analyzer’. Impedance measurement Signal is injected at connector 1 at one end of the cell from the Tracking Generator and then transmitted through the liquid column and observed at connector 2 at the other end of the cell. Fig. 1: Experimental Setup Results By using the above setup, the typical graph is recorded as shown in Fig. 2. The RF spectra is shown from 10 MHz to 500 MHz continuously. . Fig. 2: RF spectra from 10MHz to 500MHz Though the graph shown in Fig. 2 for all Urea concentrations which have a behaviour similar to that of the RF response of water, there is a subtle change in the attenuation level for urea at some points and its neighbourhood, some of which are given in Table I. Though concentration 3Urea is the extreme level of composition in the human blood, yet it was taken for investigation to see the observable changes in the absorption pattern for urea concentration. Since the variation were observed at the frequencies given in the table, it is always possible to extrapolate the concentration of urea to other concentrations which are normally found in the human blood. The table given below is very important when the estimation of the urea has to be done more quantitatively using mathematical regression tools. One such method is called multivariate regression technique for which these frequency points and corresponding attenuation can be fed as variables and the estimation of urea can be done for unknown sample concentrations. The work is in progress. TABLE I Variation of Attenuation level of Urea in dB Conclusion The manuscript describes an experimental technique to determine the urea concentration using RF response cell. The results obtained in the experiment show that the technique is useful for determining unknown concentrations of urea in any given blood sample non-invasively. The results shown are for laboratory prepared samples with Urea as major constituent and not actual blood sample which contain over 100 constituents. The method can be extended further to incorporate other constituents and can be actually compared with blood samples. The technique is useful in estimating urea concentration using multivariate system approach which is a purely mathematical tool. The combination of this tool with the above findings can develop into a full fledge instrumentation for determining blood urea concentration non-invasively. Acknowledgment Since a scholarship for the above work was provided by the Goa University, author Ingrid Anne P. Nazareth wishes to thank them profusely. References Grad, Frank P. The Preamble of The Constitution of The World Health Organization.Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 80, No.12, 2002, pp: 981-982 Dictionary – Health.Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 21 April 2011. World Health Organization. 2006.Constitution of the World Health Organization–Basic Documents, Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, October 2006 Walter F. Boron â€Å"Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach† Elsevier/Saunders, pp: 837 Anuja Pandey, Sanjay Zodpey, Sunanda Shrikhande, Anjali Sharma, â€Å"Human Resource Capacity Building Initiatives for Public Health Laboratories in India†, Indian Journal of Public Health, Vol 58, Issue 4, October-December 2014, pp: 224-229 Jacki Bishop, Thomas, Briony, â€Å"Manual of Dietetic Practice†, Section 1.9.2 Wiley-Blackwell, 2007. p: 76 G.A. Martinez, â€Å"Measuring System of Urea in Blood by Application in Recirculation for Hemodialysis† in Treatment, Technical Problems in Patients on Hemodialysis, chapter 13, 2011, pp:215-227 Juan Jesà ºs Carrero, Pharm, Abelardo Aguilera, Peter Stenvinkel, Fernando Gil, Rafael Selgas, Bengt Lindholm, â€Å"Appetite Disorders in Uremia† Vol 18, Issue 1, January 2008, pp:107-113 Bishop, M.L. Fody, E.P. and Schoeff, L.E. â€Å"Clinical Chemistry: Techniques, Principles, Correlations.† 6th Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p: 268. Burtis, C.A.; Ashwood, E.R. and Bruns, D.E. Tietz â€Å"Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics.† 5th Edition. Elsevier Saunders. p.1554 Timothy W. Meyer, and Thomas H. Hostetter, â€Å"Uremia† N Engl J Med 2007; Vol 357, No. 13, September 27, 2007 ,pp:1316-1325 Uremia Workup. A Brent Alper Jr. Medscape. Accessed athttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/245296-workup I.A.P. Nazareth, S.R.Vernekar, R.S. Gad, G.M. Naik, â€Å"An Algorithm for Estimation of Blood Cholesterol based on Regression Technique†, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSSE), Vol. 4, Issue 8, August 2014, pp. 758-761 I.A.P. Nazareth, S.R. Vernekar, R.S. Gad, G.M. Naik, â€Å"Application of RF Spectroscopy for Blood Glucose Measurement† International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Technology (IJECET), Vol. 5, Issue 7, July 2014, pp. 32-38

Advocating Change for the American Poor :: Poverty Poor Society Essays

Advocating Change for the American Poor In his review of Leon Dash’s book, Rosa Lee, Dan Cutler feels that the protagonist, Rosa Lee Cunningham, is doomed to a life of poverty because she does not believe she has any chance of success. He says that she had â€Å"little faith in the achievement ideology,† which made her feel that she was the â€Å"victim of hopeless circumstances† (Cutler). His understanding of the area Cunningham lives in is accurate, however, as a member of America’s underclass, Cunningham cannot waste time aspiring to become middle class, she must spend her time surviving. The problem facing members of the underclass is that there are no options for them to become upwardly mobile. An overwhelming majority of these downtrodden people are doomed to lives at or below the poverty level from the moment they are born into the ghetto. Trying to instill the â€Å"achievement ideology,† in people like Cunningham, so they do â€Å"not believe they are caught in a closed syst em† will not work, as Cutler asserts it will. What we must do for members of the underclass to rise in the economic ranks is to include them in the system, for the system is closed to them. For this to happen the United States government must take an active role in changing the it deals with the poorest members of society. The most economically successful country in the world has the power and money to change the structure of inner city economies. To do this we must re-evaluate our methods, and must stop blaming and punishing a group of underprivileged people who have no opportunity for their lack of opportunity. For example, the war on drugs does not stop drug use, it makes it worse. Imprisoning Blacks only furthers the division and chaos that is rampant among underclass families, who in turn, resort to more drug use to escape their dismal existence. Moreover, large corporations should not be allowed to abuse the underclass labor force, most of whom have no alternatives than to work for any wage, minimum or otherwise. Many corporations steal labor from poor workers, but it is the underclass who are punished when they steal. However inappropriate our actions in dealing with the underclass are we continue to believe them, thus people are imprisoned for stealing food or clothes, even though they neve r had an alternative. Advocating Change for the American Poor :: Poverty Poor Society Essays Advocating Change for the American Poor In his review of Leon Dash’s book, Rosa Lee, Dan Cutler feels that the protagonist, Rosa Lee Cunningham, is doomed to a life of poverty because she does not believe she has any chance of success. He says that she had â€Å"little faith in the achievement ideology,† which made her feel that she was the â€Å"victim of hopeless circumstances† (Cutler). His understanding of the area Cunningham lives in is accurate, however, as a member of America’s underclass, Cunningham cannot waste time aspiring to become middle class, she must spend her time surviving. The problem facing members of the underclass is that there are no options for them to become upwardly mobile. An overwhelming majority of these downtrodden people are doomed to lives at or below the poverty level from the moment they are born into the ghetto. Trying to instill the â€Å"achievement ideology,† in people like Cunningham, so they do â€Å"not believe they are caught in a closed syst em† will not work, as Cutler asserts it will. What we must do for members of the underclass to rise in the economic ranks is to include them in the system, for the system is closed to them. For this to happen the United States government must take an active role in changing the it deals with the poorest members of society. The most economically successful country in the world has the power and money to change the structure of inner city economies. To do this we must re-evaluate our methods, and must stop blaming and punishing a group of underprivileged people who have no opportunity for their lack of opportunity. For example, the war on drugs does not stop drug use, it makes it worse. Imprisoning Blacks only furthers the division and chaos that is rampant among underclass families, who in turn, resort to more drug use to escape their dismal existence. Moreover, large corporations should not be allowed to abuse the underclass labor force, most of whom have no alternatives than to work for any wage, minimum or otherwise. Many corporations steal labor from poor workers, but it is the underclass who are punished when they steal. However inappropriate our actions in dealing with the underclass are we continue to believe them, thus people are imprisoned for stealing food or clothes, even though they neve r had an alternative.

Government Hospitals of India

Healthcare in India features a universal health care system run by the constituent states and territories of India. The Constitutioncharges every state with â€Å"raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties†. The National Health Policy was endorsed by the Parliament of India in 1983 and updated in 2002. [1] However, the government sector is understaffed and underfinanced; poor services at state-run hospitals force many people to visit private medical practitioners. citation needed] Government hospitals, some of which are among the best hospitals in India, provide treatment at taxpayer expense. Most essential drugs are offered free of charge in these hospitals. Government hospitals provide treatment either free or at minimal charges. For example, an outpatient card at AIIMS (one of the best hospitals in India) costs a one time fee of rupees 10 (around 20 cents US) and thereafter outp atient medical advice is free. In-hospital treatment costs depend on financial condition of the patient and facilities utilized by him but are usually much less than the private sector.For instance, a patient is waived treatment costs if he is below poverty line. Another patient may seek for an air-conditioned room if he is willing to pay extra for it. The charges for basic in-hospital treatment and investigations are much less compared to the private sector. The cost for these subsidies comes from annual allocations from the central and state governments. Primary health care is provided by city and district hospitals and rural primary health centres (PHCs). These hospitals provide treatment free of cost.Primary care is focused on immunization, prevention of malnutrition, pregnancy, child birth, postnatal care, and treatment of common illnesses. [citation needed] Patients who receive specialized care or have complicated illnesses are referred to secondary (often located in district and taluk headquarters) and tertiary care hospitals (located in district and state headquarters or those that are teaching hospitals). [citation needed] In recent times,[when? ] India has eradicated mass famines, however the country still suffers from high levels of malnutrition and disease especially in rural areas.Water supply and sanitation in India is also a major issue in the country and many Indians in rural areas lack access to proper sanitation facilities and safe drinking water. However, at the same time, India's health care system also includes entities that meet or exceed international quality standards. The medical tourism business in India has been growing in recent years and as such India is a popular destination for medical tourists who receive effective medical treatment at lower costs than in developed countries.Disease India suffers from high levels of disease including Malaria,[17] and Tuberculosis where one third of the world’s tuberculosis cases are in In dia. [18] In addition, India along with Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan is one of the four countries worldwide where polio has not as yet been eradicated. Ongoing government of India education about HIV has led to decreases in the spread of HIV in recent years. The number of people living with AIDS in India is estimated to be between 2 and 3 million.However, in terms of the total population this is a small number. The country has had a sharp decrease in the estimated number of HIV infections; 2005 reports had claimed that there were 5. 2 million to 5. 7 million people afflicted with the virus. The new figures are supported by the World Health Organization and UNAIDS. [19][20][21] [edit]Pollution According to the World Health Organization 900,000 Indians die each year from drinking contaminated water and breathing in polluted air. 22] As India grapples with these basic issues, new challenges are emerging for example there is a rise in chronic adult diseases such as cardiovascular i llnesses and diabetes as a consequence of changing lifestyles. [23] [edit]Malnutrition Half of children in India are underweight, one of the highest rates in the world and nearly same as Sub-Saharan Africa. [24] India contributes to about 5. 6 million child deaths every year, more than half the world's total. [25] [edit]Water and sanitation Main article: Water supply and sanitation in India Water supply and sanitation in India is a matter of concern.As of 2003, it was estimated that only 30% of India's wastewater was being treated, with the remainder flowing into rivers orgroundwater. [26] The lack of toilet facilities in many areas also presents a major health risk; open defecation is widespread even in urban areas of India,[27][28] and it was estimated in 2002 by the World Health Organisation that around 700,000 Indians die each year from diarrhoea. [26] No city in India has full-day water supply. Most cities supply water only a few hours a day. [29] In towns and rural areas the s ituation is even worse. [edit]

Answers to Questions About Semicolons

Answers to Questions About Semicolons Answers to Questions About Semicolons Answers to Questions About Semicolons By Mark Nichol Here are several questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about use of prepositions, and my responses. 1. This sentence showcases my burning semicolon question: â€Å"That’s a great trick; best I’ve seen in ages.† I know the second clause in it contains no subject (or noun), at least explicitly. I’m therefore wondering whether this sentence can take a semicolon perhaps because the subject in the second clause is implied or instead deserves an em dash because there’s no second subject at all. The sentence, as you wrote it, is correct as you mention, the subject is implicit but the formality of the semicolon is at odds with the informality of the omission of the subject, so I’d opt for a breezy em dash instead. 2. In the following sentence, should semicolons separate the three business segments?: â€Å"Its businesses are divided into three segments: Domestic Retail, Bakeries and Foodservice, and International.† No, that’s a simple list with three simple elements. Even the addition of brief detail would not require semicolons, because the segments and their descriptions can be clearly delineated: â€Å"Domestic Retail, which includes merchandising through stores, Bakeries and Foodservice, which involves direct sales, and International, which deals with nondomestic buyers.† But when it would be obtrusive to repeat a structure such as â€Å"which (verb)† that clearly organizes the elements, use semicolons: â€Å"We invited our friends Jan and Dean; Fred and Wilma, the couple next door; and my brothers Greg, Peter, and Bobby and their wives.† 3. So, a comma in place of a semicolon is wrong? I once read a book on crafting sentences that mentioned that a semicolon is never accepted in American fiction and that a comma can always do the work. I’ve been going by this standard, and I like the economy and simplicity of the comma compared to the clumsy, Britishy semicolon. Do you think I’m wrong? A semicolon does seem intrusively formal for transcribing speech whether within dialogue in fiction or when quoting a speaker but replacing it with a comma is erroneous, and the book’s advice is unfortunate. I recommend using an em dash or starting a new sentence instead. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Latin Plural EndingsHow Do You Fare?

The Arab-Israeli Conflict essays

The Arab-Israeli Conflict essays The conflict between Palestine and Israel goes back thousands of years and has led to a number of drastic consequences, affecting peoples and current events all over the world to this very day. One reason for this is geography; Israel is situated in the centre of the Middle East. Also, the Middle East also possesses much of the planets oil, an economic necessity in todays society. Faith has also contributed to the international interest of this very public conflict for approximately half the worlds population adheres to religions born in the Middle East. The Middle East shares a deep and intense history, which has often led to controversy and heated tensions among dissimilar groups. The conflict between Israeli and Arab is both symbolic and substantial, and has drawn repeated military and diplomatic interventions. These, in turn have distorted and aggravated the situation and have resulted in a variety of consequences for the governments and persons of many countries all around th e world. Issues at stake include sovereignty, resources, labor, trade and security, and quite importantly questions of justice, human rights and political freedom. The Arabs are a people united by a common language, history and culture. Although most are Muslims, notably in Egypt and Lebanon, are Christian. Arabs make up the bulk of the population in the Middle East. Especially between the two world wars, the Arab world became infuriated by the efforts to create a new Jewish state in Palestine. Although conflict between the Arabs and Jews began much earlier, the modern Arab-Israeli military conflict started on the day of Israels foundation, 14 May 1948. Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people. Like the Arabs, the Jews were without their own nation. It has been estimated that 3 million Jews fled Eastern Europe in the thirty years before 1914 in order to escape persecution. At the same time, a mili...

International Comparative Human Resourcing Report Essay

International Comparative Human Resourcing Report - Essay Example Although people involved in international businesses activities face many issues in the domestic business but due to different social political economic and legal environment, multinationals will need to develop different practices. One of the challenges is to select expatriates and their ability to manage with integrity. Companies have to monitor the social performance of its expatriate managers to ensure that as managers become familiar with the cultural aspects of the country. Here we will take up an organization which is truly of global nature to discuss various HR issues. Ingvar Kamprad opened his furniture retailer IKEA in 1950; it now employs around 70, no. people, operates in thirty countries and generates a turnover of 11 billion Euros. Since its inception in 1950's IKEA has had to deal with the problem of maintaining its unique 'Swedishness' as a competitive advantage and at the same time having to adopt this to the different national cultures in which it has been working. IKEA has over the last 25 years become a global player this is unusual in furniture industry, which is often remains national in character. It has established itself all over Europe including the south and East and in North America. Its biggest single markets are Germany, Sweden and France. It has recently taken over Habitat, its main rival in UK and France. It has adopted the culture and philosophy of consensus decision making. Human resource management practices have reflected the strong Swedish approach with a belief that people like to participate in decision making, like to be respected and take on responsibility. But the company is working in multinational brand its human resource management policies are bound to face some problems. National culture is one such area. A national culture involves a complete system of customs, habitat rules values and belief shared by an overwhelming majority of the countries in habitants. People from different cultures view aspects of life in co ntrasting ways. Cultures even view time differently; some emphasize punctuality while others reflect little sense of urgency. There is considerable literature in cross cultural management. Hofstede is one of the most known theorists in this field. Hofstede's 1981 study, cultures consequences of culture dimensions constructed cultural dimensions; so that culture could be measured along four scales i.e. power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity. Hofstede's after work (2001) includes a fifth dimension, long-term/short-term orientation. Trompenaars and Hampden-turner's (1997) model examine culture with three main domains: relationships and rules, attitudes to time and attitudes to environment. Apart from these theories we have to remember that cultures are not static and change overtime. As countries become more affluent their population becomes more individualistic (Triandis, 2004). International assignees have to learn to work in thre e different cultures- national organizational and professional and these cultures shift in over time. Different cultures hold different conceptions and assumptions about organizations and their management. Hofstede's dimensions of culture can be applied to business practices in different countries to gain some

Wannaburger Restaurant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wannaburger Restaurant - Assignment Example This ensures the business can make the appropriate changes in ensuring they reach at the forecasted results. However, neglecting the measurement of all the objectives will not likely give the required performance. For example, when a business wants to improve in its sales, it should give a measurement on the planned improvement (International Institute of Business Analysis, 2005). Leaving out this particular aspect does not give an approach that will be instrumental in the improvement. Therefore, there is a need to look at measurable objectives before stating an approach in solving the incumbent issues. In this case, Wannaburger restaurant wants to make an improvement in its performance since the situation is not appealing. Therefore, it has to make succinct approaches in ensuring it has achieved what it wants both in the long term and in the short term. This is an approach that will guarantee better performance in terms of offering its services and products to the market in need. Th erefore, the business has to put its focus on the best approach that will increase its performance (Palepu and Healy, 2007). For example, the business has to make use of a better marketing mix that will attract a larger part of the market in demand for its products and services. Attracting a larger part of the market guarantees that the business will have an increase in the turnover. This means that their products will be highly demanded by the market (Hay, 2003). This will directly reflect an influx in the revenue of the business as it will garner more sales. This will in the end give a positive result on the profitability of the business. First of all, the business has to look for ways of enhancing its product. Most of the people in the market only appreciate the product and services that are offered. The market does not look for other aspects that are involved in the business and this could affect the business. For example, when a market is attracted to the quality of a product o r a service, they will continue using the product or service due to its quality. When the quality of the product or good is enhanced, the product or service will attract an even larger market. Therefore, enhancing their product is one of the aspects that should be considered. For example, when the quality of a product deteriorates, the market is likely to look for alternative products that have more quality (International Institute of Business Analysis, 2005). As such, the business is likely to loose a number of its esteemed customers due to deteriorating quality of products. Therefore, if the business wants to give a positive performance in the market, it should look forward into improving its products and services that are offered to the market. This will attract an even larger market in need of its products and services. In addition to this, the business should look at its competitors. When competitors are making an improvement in their businesses, other businesses have to take t he same route. This is due to the attraction the business poses to the market. With improved service and product delivery, the business is likely to attract a larger part of the market. The second aspect that should be considered in plotting a solution inn this scenario is the bordering market. At times, market expansion improves the performance of the business. For example, the business is likely to record an increase in the number of people that are allied to the services and products that are sold by the business (International Institute of Business Analysis, 2005). Therefore, this is a considerable approach that should be taken by Wannaburger restaurant. Apparently, an approach that would be used in this aspect is enhancing the market that borders the