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Ethics and Corporate Responsibility - 1691 Words

Ethics and Corporate Responsibility Legal, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Jekilan Hill-Barrett Professor Weekley November 23, 2014 Ethics and Corporate Responsibility The stakeholders within PharmaCARE are all the individuals and groups that are affected by the company’s decisions. The employees that may suffer from the lack of environmental safety or abuse of the production location allowing the organization to payless to workers for their hard work. The consumers of the organization’s products that may purchase bad goods that cause a negative reaction. The investors and stockholders who will lose any monetary investment due to the company’s loss of profits which would be an effect of inappropriate management of†¦show more content†¦PharmaCARE likes to save money whenever it can by paying the least knowledgeable or least needy at least for their life style the lowest income while providing those who have a greedy nature with the most income. This is shown by how they have taken advantage of the Colebrian people and their indigenous culture of only taken what they need to survive. While the executives live in the lap of luxury. By at least taking care of the decision makers they are actually paying them off to be quiet and help the organization save money and turn a profit. The rank and file workers are also taken advantage of because the company is utilizing their skills and knowledge while making them suffer the consequences can faces of bad management and safety violations so the company can save money to insure a profitInstead of firing everyone management could take the more ethical approach and report the company for any and all violations. The benefits for them would be that they would be able to keep their jobs since they would not be able to be fired. The evidence is piling up against the organization and they will eventually lose their jobs anyway. By revealing the truths, it is more likely promotions will be given and bosses will be fired In noticingShow MoreRelatedEthics and Corporate Responsibility1588 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Name Institution Course Date Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Introduction Today’s world is corporate world since we either work their consumers their product or live around one. These corporates should maintain good ethics on the people working for it the surrounding community and their consumers. They should uphold their corporate responsibility by give back to the community and making sure they conserve the environment in all their processes (FrederickRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Ethics1468 Words   |  6 Pagesfact that your business exists in the environment, the responsibility of this depends on many stakeholders, such as local communities, customers, employees and suppliers. On the other hand the way the products are produced and manufactured has a significant impact on the environment. In this context the concept of corporate social responsibility has great relevance for the survival of any business. In corporate terms, social responsibilities promote companies to maintain a closer relationship withRead MoreEthics And Corporate Social Responsibility1637 Words   |  7 Pagescontributed to Managing Sustainability: Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in the post-bureaucratic era. â€Å"Leadership is the process of directing, controlling, motivating and inspiring staff toward the realization of stated organizational goals† (Clegg, S.R. Kornberger, M. Pitsis. 2011, p.126.) Leadership in the post-bureaucratic era is essential for the success of a company, and also plays part into the Sustainability of Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility for an enterprise. In this essayRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Ethics Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesCorporate social responsibility has become a major issue in the recent past to the extent in which there are watchdog organizations that monitor actions of corporations and file a report indicating companies that aren’t socially responsible. Such organizations are known as sustainability auditing firms (Gallagher, 2012). This has made most of the companies that are growing to issue corporate social responsibility reports alongside their annual business reports. Citigroup is a financia l service companyRead MoreCorporate Ethics And Social Responsibility1528 Words   |  7 Pages Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility Amanda Rabius PHL/320 10/9/17 Hank Reeves â€Æ' Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in the corporate world are very important. By understanding business ethics and socially responsibility, companies can develop and implement a socially responsible plan. Organizations are no doubt an assembly line of different networks that are both complex and dynamic in nature which face various conflicts. With this, a qualitativeRead MoreThe Ethics Of Corporate Social Responsibility2955 Words   |  12 Pagesmanufactured and process. This has been deemed an important indicator of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and business ethics. The ethics of corporate social responsibility disclosure have historically been some of the most difficult to reconcile with earnings expectations and activist demands (Browne and Haas, 1974; Filios, 1984, 1986; Gelb and Strawser, 2001; Robertson and Nicholson, 1996). As a result, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is considered as key for the survival of organizations. ARead MoreEthics, Corporate Social Responsibility And Fiduciary Responsibilities Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness ethic terms and look for examples in the business fields that have an ethical or unethical reputation, this will give the opportunity for the business leaders to steer their employees into a healthy environment for their business to go the right direction. The definition of business ethics is the study of proper business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues. These issues include the global codes of ethics, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility andRead MoreEthics And Corporate Social Responsibility1820 Words   |  8 PagesRachael Pritchard MGT 465 Debate # 1 Not in favor of CSR Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility is essentially the idea that corporations should and have the responsibility to act outside of their own interest of profits and interest of shareholders. That a majority of the responsibility to fix economic, environmental, and social issues somehow weighs more heavily on corporations shoulders than our own. I am not in favor of this notion for several reasons to which I willRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesSOLUTION Business Ethics Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same principles that determine an individual’s actions also apply to business. Acting in an ethical way involves distinguishing between â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† and then making the â€Å"right† choice. It is relatively easy to identify unethical business practices. For example, companies should not use child labor. They should not unlawfully use copyrighted materials and processes. They should not engageRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility756 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility April Duhon DeVry University The United States has several laws that are intended to further fair, balanced, and competitive business practices. Do you think that such laws are effective? If so, why? If not, why not? The effectiveness of the laws that the United States have that are intended to further fair, balanced, and competitive business practices depends on how ethical a business is. Below I will explain why I do not believe these

Adolf Hitler Final Free Essays

string(84) " They argued that why should you promote someone who was not popular to his people\." Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 on April 20th. He was a son to an Austrian customs official who was at the age of 52 at Hitler’s birth. His father was called Alois Schickelgruber Hitler and his mother who was a third wife of his father was called Klara Poelzi. We will write a custom essay sample on Adolf Hitler Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both were from lower Austria. Hitler was resentful and moody he was never contented with anything; he was argumentative and short tempered. In fact he was very hostile to his father who was an authoritarian but greatly attracted to his mother who was very hard working. His mother’s death of cancer was a very big blow to the adolescent Hitler whom he adored very much in fact he went with a photo of his mum wherever he went. His mother was loving, caring and she always sided with Hitler whenever his father’s bitterness got the better of him. Hitler and his father always crossed swords when his father insisted that Hitler should become a civil servant Hitler wanted to be an artist. In school (Ellis J., 1945, 198) Hitler was unpopular and stayed aloof. He was an introvert and made very few friends. He was extremely lazy and performed dismally in school. In later years he claimed that history was his favorite subject and that he performed very well something that his teacher objected to. For example, the 1905’s Hitler’s final school report shown that in history results were rated only as ‘satisfactory’. Hitler was capable of performing well but never worked for it. When Hitler was only 13 years his father died and after that he dropped out of school as there was no strong influence to keep him in school. His mother supported him while he was in school though he performed poorly. Even after Hitler’s father died he never stopped his dream of becoming an artist and after he left school for Vienna he started to pursue his dream although his mother’s death shattered his life. He was affected psychologically by his mother’s death of cancer. Those who were close to Hitler said that he even spent hours gazing at the dead body of his mother and drawing the sketches of it. He had applied for a vacancy in Vienna so that he could pursue his goal of becoming an artist; his application to the Vienna academy of art was rejected. At that time he had no job and money. In the meantime, he used to sell post cards and clearing snow pathways in return for money. It is at this time that Hitler’s mind became warped. He developed very strong animosity towards Jews. This was because the Jewish professor at Vienna academy rejected his work, secondly he blamed the Jewish doctor for not preventing the death of his mother and third because he thought that it was only the Jews who were rich and stayed in those beautiful houses on whose snow bound paths he cleared. His hatred of the Jews was known as anti-Semitism. For the five years he stayed in Vienna he referred this time as â€Å"five year of hardship and misery† in his book â€Å"Mein Kampf† he blamed his hardship and miseries to the Jews. In an attempt to run away from his trouble, he tried to join Austrian army but he failed medically because of eating poor food and lack of sleeping enough. According to the medical report he was too weak to carry weapons. This time he was leading a life of hand to mouth. He did occasionally odd jobs and hawking the sketches he drawn in the town. Hitler compensated for the frustrations of his bachelor life miseries by going to the cheap cafes where he made his political harangues on his dreams of a Greater Germany to anyone who would listen to him. (Ellis J., 1945, 220) While still in Vienna, he acquired his first education in politics by learning about the Christian social mayor’s demagogical techniques. It was at this time that he perfected his stereotyped obsessive ness in anti-Semitism. He accused the Jews of having a conspiracy to put down the German nation and the purity of the creative Aryan race Hitler left Vienna for Munich in May 1913 and when in the following year the war broke out he joined the 16th barbarian infantry regiment where he served as a dispatch runner. Here he proved to be an able and to brave soldier. He even won the iron cross title for bravely though he never rose beyond the rank of lance corporal. Before the end of the First World War he was wounded twice forcing him to a hospital bed in Pomerania where he spent three months recuperating. After the November 18th abortive German revolution, Hitler became furious with age after the Germany’s military was defeated, he strongly believed he was the fit one to rescue his ravaged and humiliated nations from the hell of troubles it inherited from the Versailles treaty from Jews and Bolsheviks. In 1924 Hitler said in a written document that he was fortunate to live at such a time. He was a regimental massager whose job was to convey messages to officers behind the front line and then back to the front line with new messages. This was a dangerous job and proved beyond reasonable doubts that he was a brave solder. His fellow compatriots were not amused by how Hitler kept on bragging over the achievements of the trench warfare. They also hated him because he did not mix with them well. Later he was promoted to the rank of a corporal but this promotion was not fair to him taking in to consideration that after those four years he was given that simple promotion. His colleagues thought that his inability to socialize and mix with others well and his inability to sell his ideas well to the rest of the members comprised his promotion. They argued that why should you promote someone who was not popular to his people. You read "Adolf Hitler Final" in category "Papers" Though his colleagues never liked him he was much recognized by the officers for his bravely which worn him the Germany’s highest award-Iron Cross. In total he received six medals which were due in his bravery. Up to 1918 (Gilbert M., The Second World War: p 72) Hitler was still convinced that Germany was winning the war but the war cost Hitler a lot in fact. In the same year just one month before the war ended, he was gas attacked at type and this made him to be temporary blind though for a period of three months he as in hospital bed, when he received the news that Germany had lost out of the hospital and his eyesight restored. He felt deeply convinced that Germany was defeated simply because of the Jews. It never occurred to him that Germany would have surrendered he felt that the Jews back stabbed Germany and it was a perfect idea if they were eliminated in Germany. Hitler had been temporarily blind because of the mustard gas attack he received in October 1918 in Belgium. While Hitler was recovering from the injuries he sustained in the war, the communities with the help from the Jews were trying to establish themselves and sell their ideas to Germany but their moves were abortive. They wanted to revolutionize Germany from capitalism to communism and from 9th November 1918 the socialists took control of the government. After Germany had lost the war the monarchy system came to an end and it become a republic and a constitution was made a slot for a president with political and military might. An election was done and the Centrist government took over and it came to be called the Weimar Republic. The German government on June 28th 1919 ratified the treaty of Versailles. It stated that Germany was responsible for causing the first thus it was required to pay the reparations to the allied powers or the victorious powers like Britain, France and Italy. The treaty was also required Germany to demilitarize the Rhineland, limit its army to only 100,000 army men and to control its military strength. These terms of the treaty were humiliating the Germans and they undermined the proper performance of the Germany’s government. These oppressive terms were used against liberating Germany from the humiliations caused by the treaty. Hitler especially used these terms as his campaign tool. He echoed the paining terms of the treaty and condemned it. By doing this, he was able to rally behind a big mass of supporters. He believed that Germany was a great nation and was not a simple country that could be subjected to humiliations of such magnitudes.   In 1923, Hitler sensing that Weimar government was on the verge of collapsing, General Ludendorff himself and the local nationalists tried to overthrow the Bavarian government. Hitler stormed in a bar at Munich and fired a pistol in to the ceiling; he shouted out that he was the head of the new provisional government that would bring a revolution to the â€Å"Reed Berlin† Thinking he had already overthrown the government he marched with about three thousand men but met a very strong police fire that saw 16men dead. He was captured and arrested. In 1924, February 26 he was tried and he somehow succeeded in convincing his accusers that he was pursuing the right goal. He shouted pronounce us guilty a thousand time over the goddess of the eternal court of history will smile and tear to pieces the state prosecutors submission and the court’s verdict for she acquits us†(Morrow J., 1663; 234) Hitler was convicted and sentenced to five years in prison in Landsbergis fortress and nine months later he was released. He advanced his stereotyped and prejudiced views against Jews. The experience he acquired from the abortive power overturn transformed him from being unskilled adventurer to a wise politician. He realized that it is not a wise idea to face gun nozzles of the army unless he was in command. He also comes to know that Germany was not to be revolutionized through unlawful and powerful seizure of the ruling government but by the alteration of the Weimer’s constitution. He began mobilizing the mass which had become disintegrated to push for changes in the government. He drafted the party’s manifesto which comprised of twenty five points and on 24th February read the content to his followers .Those who opposed him and his ideas were crushed with whips and rubber truncheons by his royal supporters. Hitler was eloquent and new how to manipulate the population by employing his propagandas or what can be referred to as the demagogical skills, in his draft he openly criticized the Versailles treaty and leveled his anger on Jews. When Hitler was released from prison having only served for only nine months, he resolved using diplomatic means to seize power. He called for Germany to stand up to the yoke of Jews and communists and support an empire that would rule them for a thousand years. In 1929, the wall stock exchange collapsed, all the external grants and loans dried up and all the industrial production flopped and many people were rendered jobless. After the elections that were held (Adreas H, 1982; 91) Hitler’s party scooped 18% of the votes in 1930 and after two years Hitler won 30% of the votes as a president. In 1932 July the Nazi party which was the biggest than others did not get the majority. Hitler wanted to be the chancellor but was given the post of a vice chancellor in the government which was formed by different parties but he rejected. After that a deal was reached which saw him becoming the chancellor in 1933. After Paul von Hindenburg who had beaten him in the election died (Beevor A., 2002; 137) Hitler was agreed through a consensus to succeed Hindenburg. After Hitler took over he suppressed all the other political parties and become a dictator. With the improving economy he was able to advance his ideas he even build an industrial machine as a preparation for war. By 1937, he was ready to execute his ever dreamt of plans as were outlined in his book Mein Kampf. Those who objected to his master plans were thrown out of the way. In 1935, he refused to stick to the terms of the Versailles treaty and started rearming by recruiting five times contrary to the agreement and he pushed Britain to let him increase his naval base. A year later he marched on to Rhineland which was supposed to be demilitarized. He met no resistance from the allied powers. Afterward, Luftwaffe was build. This re-armament created jobs and economic growth. According to (Adreas H. 1982; 78) Hitler forced France and Britain to break the Munich agreement and led to the eventual Czechoslovakia dismantlement in 1939. He executed the Jews and political extremists who opposed his ideas. In 1939, September 1st he invaded Poland. He applied his new war strategy which was called blitzkrieg which involved short quick attacks, fast mobile armor and ground men to wipe anything that might have been left by the bombs. Poland was defeated in less than a month. In 1941, he dishonored the non-aggression pact which he had signed with the Soviet Union. This made him to have two front wars. In December the same year, USA joined the war against him to join hands with the allies. In 1944, the allies had greatly advanced. They bombed Germany cities and crushed Germany’s friend-Italy. The war turned sour on his side because his soldiers started disobeying him and even mutinied. Also when his chosen lieutenants saw that they were about to be defeated, they started going against Hitler’s wishes although his dream of wiping European Jews had been realized. He had already killed 2/3 of the total; Jewish population. When he sensed defeat, he killed himself on 1945 April 30th. Later, Eva Brawn his wife who was a long time mistress and by then newly married committed suicide to follow his husband. Hitler committed suicide by shooting himself in the mouth with a pistol. Their bodies were taken to the Reich Chancellery Gardens where they were cremated in petrol fire. His death marked the end of unrealized legacy of Germanic Reich. How to cite Adolf Hitler Final, Papers

Analysis of REA Group - Free Samples - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of REA Group. Answer: Introduction REA group Ltd is one of the multinational digital advertising firms specialising in real estate development. The company advertises property as well as property-related on mobile application and websites in Europe, Asia and Australia. Its chief segment comprises of Europe, Asia, Australia and North America. REA Group operates commercial and residential property sites, realcommercial.com.au as well as realestate.com.au in Australia (Financial Times 2017). It operations are disruptive and innovative (REA Group 2016). On the other hand, the company independent auditor is Ernst Young Australia, which is responsible in auditing REA Group financial statements to ensure that they are presented in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards. According to their audit, the statements or reports of the company were compliant with set Act of 2001 including providing fair and true view of its financial position as at June 2016 and complying with relevant Corporations Regulations 2001 as well as Australian Accounting Standards (REA Group 2016). It share prices are up with around 1000% over the last ten years, with the most recent price as of 11th September 2017 being at $67.90, an increase of 0.67% from the previous day (Richardson 2017). Its dividend per share increased with around 11.66% to 0.91 (Financial Times 2017). Industry Situation and REA Group Plans The industry face stiff competition for the customers. Despite the stiff competition, in the industry, REA Group have continued to experience increased growth which is viewed as an abundant achievement based on the current market environment. In spite of the overall volume of the property listing recording flat rate in the year 2016, REA Group operation in Australia have seen around 17% growth in its revenue to approximate $555.2 million (REA Group 2016). To place REA Group on top of the map, the company future plans entail complementing its European operations by supporting its development of the new products (Financial Times 2017). It also plans to launch Spacely, the new listing site which would make it a bit easier for the Australians to look for the short-term commercial rentals and the co-working spaces which could meet their needs. REA Group is also planning to expand internationally by acquiring more online companies in order to increase in its revenue (Richardson 2017). Financial Statement Analysis As from Appendix 1 below, it is clear that the company net profit experienced a significant increase for the past three years. The increase is as a result of increase in its total sales and so forth. Furthermore, From Appendix 2 below, it is clear that the company had an attractive trend in its total liabilities, assets as well as total equity. In essence, for the last three years, it could be derived that total assets were all equal to total equity and total liabilities. This is evidence by the fact that total liabilities for 2014 was 21.39 and its total equity was 78.61% adding up to a total of 100% as the total assets margin. From the Appendix 3 below, it could be stated that REA Group was expanding in its investing activities. This is based on the fact that cash flow originating from the investing activities shows a tremendous increase over the past three years. Furthermore, from the analysis, it is evident that REA Groups key source of financing was from dividends paid to the shareholders. In addition, based on the above outcome, it is evident that the company cash decreased in 2015. Ratio analysis Ratios are crucial aspect in analysing financial performance of an organization in various sections of its operations. In addition, ratios are crucial in comparing companys financial performance within a given industry averages (Chen Shimerda 1981). In this case, profitability ratios, cash flow adequacy, Liquidity, market strength as well as long-term solvency ratios are used in analysing REA Group financial performances for the last three years starting from year 2014 to 2016. Working capital 2014 2015 2016 working capital 219.00 59.00 (10.00) As from above analysis, the company seems to enjoy relatively high working capital in 2014 as compared to 2015 and 2016. This shows that the company was efficient in the year 2014 and 2015 in comparison to the year 2016. Current ratio 2014 2015 2016 current ratio 3.17 1.59 0.96 From above results, it is clear that REA Group was experiencing smooth times in settling its short-terms debts using its most liquid assets. In essence, with relatively high current ratio, it could be stated that the company is at peace with making huge returns for its shareholders. Receivable turnover 2014 2015 2016 Receivable turnover 7.60 7.64 7.61 The outcome above, indicates that REA Group receivable turnover increased as from 7.60 to 7.64 and then to 7.61. This sign in the company shows that the company is efficient in collecting its credits. Average days sales uncollected 2014 2015 2016 Average days sales uncollected 0.14 0.13 0.14 As from the outcome above, it is clear that REA Group average days sales uncollected decreased and increased over time. This trend shows that the company would receive its cash from its sales in a short-term period. Profitability ratios: Profit margin 2014 2015 2016 Profit margin 34.26% 37.94% 37.77% Based on the above analysis, it is clear that profit margin for the company experienced an increasing and decreasing trend as from 34.26% to 37.94% and then to 37.77%. Asset Turnover 2014 2015 2016 Asset turnover 0.84 0.83 0.45 From the above analysis, it is evident that REA Group asset turnover decreased for the past three years. This means that for the last three years, the company management was not efficient enough. ROA 2014 2015 2016 ROA 28.88% 31.38% 17.08% From above analysis, REA Group seems to have experienced asymmetric trend in its ROA for the last three years. This is a clear picture that the firm has been able to efficiently use its assets to generate income. ROE 2014 2015 2016 ROE 36.74% 37.68% 35.42% As from the results above, it is evident that REA Group ROE increased in 2015 but in 2016 it experienced a slight decrease. Despite the decrease, the ROE for the past three years is relatively high meaning that the company was able to use its equity to generating income. Long term solvency ratios: Debt to equity 2014 2015 2016 debt to equity 0.27 0.20 1.07 From the above ratio, it is evident that for the past three years, REA Group debt to equity experienced a decreasing and increasing trend. This trend is a clear indication that the company is using too much debt or money from creditors in financing its operations instead of using its shareholders equity. Interest coverage 2014 2015 2016 Interest Coverage - - -41.98 In the above results, it could be indicated that for the last three years, the company has been experiencing some difficulties in settling its interest expenses using its EBIT. Cash flow adequacy Cash flow yield 2014 2015 2016 cash flow yield 1.22 0.91 0.87 As from the above results, it is clear that REA Group experience a decreasing trend in its cash flow yields. The decrease show that the company has been experiencing some hitches in generating cash from its present undertakings. Cash flows to sales 2014 2015 2016 cash flow to sales 0.58 0.14 0.19 Based on the outcomes, it could be stated for the past three years, REA Group cash flow to the sales decreased. This shows that the company has been experiencing some difficulties in turning its revenue or sales to cash. Cash flows to assets 2014 2015 2016 Cash flow to assets 0.49 0.12 0.09 From above outcomes, it could be indicated that REA Group cash flow to the assets decreased for the past three years. This indicates or displays that the firm has been experiencing some difficulties in turning its assets to cash.Free cash flow 2,014 2,015 2,016 Free cash flow 157.58 149.36 181.34 As from the above analysis or outcomes, it can be stated that REA Group free cash flow increased for the past three years. Market strength Ratios Price/earnings per share 2014 2015 2016 P/E 32.7% 32.5% 29.8% Based on the above outcomes, it is clear that REA Group P/E ratio experienced a decreasing trend for the last three years. Dividends yield 2014 2015 2016 Dividend yield 1.4 1.4 1.8 From the above outcomes, it could be stated that REA Group dividend yield experienced relative increase over the last three years. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that for the last three years REA Group was financially stable. This is evident by relatively high profitability ratios such as high and increasing trends in its ROE, asset turnover and ROA. Furthermore, with the fact that the company free cash flow increased over the past three years, it is evident that REA Group was financially stable and was efficient enough in maintaining its competitiveness in the market. In essence, based on the above analysis, I would consider REA Group as a strong performer and therefore, would prefer investing in its in future. REFERENCES Altman, EI 1968, Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy, The journal of finance,23(4), 589-609. Barnes, P 1987, The analysis and use of financial ratios: a review article,Journal of Business Finance Accounting,14(4), 449-461. Chen, KH Shimerda, TA 1981, An empirical analysis of useful financial ratios,Financial Management, 51-60. Financial Times 2017, Equities, REA Group Ltd ASX; Viewed at 11th September 2017 from; https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/financials?s=REA:ASX Higgins, RC 2012,Analysis for financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Lev, B Sunder, S 1979, Methodological issues in the use of financial ratios, Journal of Accounting and Economics,1(3), 187-210. REA Group 2016, REA Group Limited annual report 2016; Viewed at 11th September 2017 from; https://www.rea-group.com/annualreport/2016/files/assets/common/downloads/REA%20Group%20Limited%20Annual%20Report%202016.pdf Richardson, T 2017, Why the REA Group Limited share price just hit a record high: Viewed at 11th September 2017 from; https://www.fool.com.au/2017/07/21/why-the-rea-group-limited-share-price-just-hit-a-record-high/

Life Span Development Essays (634 words) - Curious George, H. A. Rey

Life Span Development In the book, Curious George rides a bike by H.A. Rey, George receives a new bike from his friend. His friend tells him to be careful with his new bike and to keep close to the house while he is gone. George does not listen to his friend and decides to go exploring away from the house. While exploring, George sees two boys playing with their toy boats and then decides that he wants to play with a toy boat. George made a plan (how to make the boat) and then he carried out the task. George made himself a boat out of newspaper. This is an example of stage two, 1-3 years, Erikson. In stage two, children express their growing self control by climbing, touching, exploring, and try to do things for themselves. (Dennis Coon) Though most children in stage two would be exploring their kitchen floor, or ceiling, not a river! I also read the story, Curious George gets a medal by H.A. Rey. In this story George makes a mess in his friends house. George is anxious to clean up the mess before his friend gets home. The reason that he is so eager to clean up the mess is because he is thinking about the possible consequences of his actions. If this were an actual little boy, he would be thinking, I don`t want to get punished, so I will clean up the mess. Or, Oh, No! I`m going to get into big trouble! This is an example of Stage 1 the preconventional level, Kohlberg. If his friend weren`t coming home would George work so vigorously to clean up the mess? I think not. In the second half of the book, George is asked to help a professor in a somewhat dangerous experiment. The professor that has asked this of him says, Of course everything will be forgiven if you are willing to go. (George got into a bit of trouble while he was there.) George agrees to this request because he wants to please others. George wants to be nice. Why would a child want to please others? It`s because they are trying to avoid disapproval. This is an example of Stage 3, the conventional level, Kohlberg. The last book that I read was Curious George by H.A. Rey. George is taken from his home in Africa, to a big ship. His friend tells him to run along and play but don`t get into any trouble. George promises to be good. George found some sea gulls on the deck, and saw that they could fly. He wanted to fly too. George tried to fly, and fell into the ocean instead. Obviously, George is not thinking logically. He does not realize that he can not fly. This is an example of the preoperational stage, 2-7 years. Piaget. I have another example of the preoperational stage not related to the book. My little sister, Zo, is 4 years old. My mother recently bought her a personalized song tape. In the beginning of the tape it asks her to yell out her name. She screams, Zo!!. Then it says Zo?! That`s a nice name! Throughout the tape her name is included in all of the songs. She thinks that the person talking can really here her! Now, getting back on track. After falling into the ocean George is rescued and once again promises that he will not get into any more trouble. Why would an actual child decide this if he/she were in the same situation? They would act this way because they would be thinking about their own needs. They wouldn't want to fall into the water again or be upset in any way. This is an example of stage two, the preconventional stage, pleasure-seeking orientation. In conclusion, I have found these stages to hold true, in my own personal life, and in children`s storybooks. It`s really great to finally understand why my little sister acts the way she does!

Vocabulary Quiz on Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech

Vocabulary Quiz on Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his now-famous I Have a Dream speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. This multiple-choice vocabulary quiz is based on the opening five paragraphs of that speech. The quiz should help you build your vocabulary by using context clues to determine the meanings of Kings memorable words. Instructions:Carefully read these five paragraphs from the opening of Dr. Kings I Have a Dream speech. Notice in particular the words in bold. Then, guided by context clues, respond to the ten multiple-choice questions that follow. In each case, identify the synonym that most accurately defines the word as its used by Dr. King in his speech. When youre done, compare your responses with the answers. Opening Paragraphs of the I Have a Dream Speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous1 decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared2 in the flames of withering3 injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles4 of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing5 in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so weve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense, weve come to our nations capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note6 to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted7 on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, weve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed8 spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism9. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate10 valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. momentous(a) lasting for just a brief moment(b) of great importance or significance(c) belonging to the distant pastseared(a) painfully burned or scorched(b) highlighted, illuminated(c) lost, forgotten, abandonedwithering(a) devastating, humiliating(b) refreshing, rejuvenating(c) non-stop, endlessmanacles(a) laws, rules, principles(b) habits, routines(c) shackles, handcuffslanguishing(a) hiding, kept out of sight(b) existing in miserable or disheartening conditions(c) lasting for a long time or slow to endpromissory note(a) a written promise to repay a debt(b) a union formed for mutual benefit(c) a pledge to do what is right under the lawdefaulted(a) brought shame or disgrace on someone(b) rewarded or paid back(c) failed to fulfill an obligationhallowed(a) formed by making a hole(b) nearly forgotten, largely ignored(c) highly respected, regarded as holygradualism(a) forcible overthrow of a social order(b) a policy of step-by-step reform over time(c) forgetfulness, neglectdesolate(a) brightened with light(b) depressingly empty or bare(c) profound, deep Here are the answers to the Vocabulary Quiz on the I Have a Dream Speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. (b) of great importance or significance(a) painfully burned or scorched(a) devastating, humiliating(c) shackles, handcuffs(b) existing in miserable or disheartening conditions(a) a written promise to repay a debt(c) failed to fulfill an obligation(c) highly respected, regarded as holy(b) a policy of step-by-step reform over time(b) depressingly empty or bare

Bottom of the Pyramid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bottom of the Pyramid - Essay Example By targeting the middle and lower incomes, they can hope to cash in on the phenomenon on the rising imbalance in wealth across the globe. What the article implies is that people who scrape together a living may well be the gold mine that marketers may want to look at. By scraping the bottom, the marketers may well find gold dust that has been neglected for so long.  The authors make the point that there are four tiers of the consuming classes. The tier 1 is the most affluent with annual incomes more than $20,000.   The next two tiers 2 and 3 have annual incomes in the range of $1,500 to $20,000, while the last tier makes up of those who have incomes less than $1,500 annually.   The article makes a strong case for devoting resources to target the tier 4 consumers.   The point about social unrest due to the ability of the tier 4 consumers disturbing the lifestyles of other tiers is discussed.  Therefore, it is in the interests of all sections to maintain the equitable balance in society to ensure that the tier 4 consumers are not neglected.   This is the social point of view.   However, as the article states, there are compelling reasons from the profit point of view as well to create a market for tier 4 consumers.   The wave of industrialization and globalization has created a category of consumers who are willing to try and experiment with new products but do not have the resources to buy premium products.   Thus, there is a need to create and make products that are suitable for this class of consumers.

The Greenhouse Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Greenhouse Effect - Essay Example Most scientists worldwide accept the sufficient evidence that suggests global warming is already well underway and cannot be reversed anytime soon. They and reasonable people of all backgrounds and nationalities agree that if CO2 emissions are not greatly reduced and soon, the resulting greenhouse effect will alter the climate and possibly the sustainability of humankind. Essentially, the greenhouse effect functions in the following manner. When sunlight pierces the atmosphere and hits the earth’s surface, not all of the sun’s solar energy is absorbed. Approximately a third of it is reflected back into space. Specific atmospheric gases serve in much the same way as does the glass of a greenhouse, thus the terminology. These gases allow sunlight to penetrate then trap some of the solar energy which heats the earth (Breuer, 1980). It is a delicate balance and because these greenhouse gases have been artificially augmented by man-made sources, more build up in the atmosphere has occurred thus trapping more of the sun’s energy and reflecting less back in to space. This occurrence is causing the earth to warm. If the balance between the CO2 levels in the ocean and atmosphere is disturbed by interjecting increasing amounts of CO2, the oceans would continually absorb higher concentrations than it does naturally. The subsequent warming ocean waters are less effective in their ability to absorb CO2 and when the oceans can no longer keep pace with the intrusion of this naturally equalized cycle, then more CO2 will remain in the atmosphere. Increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is expected to result in a warming of the Earth’s surface accelerating the greenhouse effect.

Financial Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Risk Management - Essay Example An analysis of the article Risk Management Lessons from the Credit Crisis can effectively assist in evaluating financial risk management particularly in light of the credit crisis. In presenting its cause, the article is divided into a number of parts each of which has its own speciality. Section 1 looks at the various structures of the modern risk measurement systems. Of particular interest is the position-based risk measurement system that tackles the various drawbacks brought by the traditional returns-based system. The traditional system is shown to be rigid in that it cannot adjust to the various new parameters that characterize a dynamic society. In essence, they prove to be largely unreliable, thereby necessitating the adoption of the position-based measures. The article highlights how the position based risk measures are more versatile and can accommodate various aspects in relation to the dynamism of the contemporary society. Part 2 of the article focuses on the various risk s that establishments are exposed to. The classification is divided into broad categories of known knowns, the unknown unknowns, and even the known unknowns. All of these categories are reached at depending on the pre-existing uncertainties, with the most uncertain risk being classified under the unknown unknowns. Known knowns are fairly manageable, and are the most basic of uncertainties that an institution is bound to encounter. The traditional system is shown to be rigid in that it cannot adjust.

Response of Blood Urea using RF Scalar Network Analyzer

Response of Blood Urea using RF Scalar Network Analyzer â€Å"2015 International Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICTSD-2015), Feb. 04 – 06, 2015, Mumbai, India† Ingrid Anne P. Nazareth,  Rajendra S. Gad,  Sulaxana R. Vernekar,  Gourish M. Naik Abstract—Urea content in the human blood is an important parameter to monitor the healthy state of a human being. Normally a patient is sent to pathological laboratories for blood extraction to quantify the actual urea percentage. Although this method is accurate, it requires a lot of time and reagents. It also involves the fear of infection during the extraction of blood. The method described in this manuscript gives a simple technique based on RF response of urea in the human tissue. In this paper, laboratory samples of various urea percentages were prepared and their responses were measured using a RF dielectric loss cell. The setup consists of a signal generator and a spectrum analyzer connected in scalar network mode to measure the RF response from 10MHz to 500MHz. The results show that there is a linear relation between the dielectric loss and the percentage of urea in the sample. Keywords—Urea, Health, RF Spectroscopy, Multivariate Regression. Introduction Health is a condition of entire physical, social, and mental well being, and not exactly the absence of disease or infirmity.[1]-[3] Good Health or healthy living inhumans beings is the generally the normal condition of apersons body and mind, which means to be free fromillness,painor injury.[1] Health care providers promote good health in humans as well as prevent or cure health problems. A number of other factors like the â€Å"determinants of health† can also influence the health status of persons, which include lifestyle, background, social and economic conditions. High levels of stress can also affect health tremendously.[4] Health is often marred by illnesses and diseases sometimes curable, sometimes incurable.[5] The disease can affect any part of the body for which there are medications available accordingly. One of the most important organs are the kidneys in which urea is a primary components of urine which is filtered by them. The handling of urea by the kidneysis an important part of mammalian metabolism. Urea has various roles to play including thecounter current exchange systemof thenephrons which reabsorbs water and critical ions from the excretedurine and as a carrier of waste nitrogen. The conversion factor 0.028 g/mmol can be used to estimate the equivalent nitrogen content (ingram) of urea (inmmol).[6]Subsequently, 1gram of nitrogen is approximately equivalent to 6.25grams ofprotein, and 1gram of protein is more or less equivalent to 5grams ofmuscletissue. 1mmol of excessive urea in the urine, measured by urea concentration in mmol/l multiplied by urine volume in litres roughly equals to a muscle loss of 0.67gram in conditions of muscle wasting. Uraemiaor uremia which means urea in the blood can be defined as a surplus of protein and amino acid metabolism end products (urea andcreatinine) in the blood that is usually excreted in the urine.[7] Symptoms of uremia include fatigue, weakness, nausea and vomiting leading to loss of appetite,[8] muscle wasting, shallow respiration, metabolic acidosis, tremors and abnormal mental function. In case dialysis or kidney transplant is not carried out, uremia will lead to renal failure causing stupor, coma and ultimately death. [9][10]One of the Potential Uremic Toxins is urea present at high concentrations i.e. >300mg/dL or >50mmol/L. The effect of high uremic toxins are headaches, vomiting, fatigue, carbamylation of proteins.[10] The onset of uremia is untimely for people who have kidney disorder. People who are over 30 years old and have a kidney function below 50% (Glomerular Filtration Rate [GFR] from 50 to 60 mL) are inclined to have a high degree of uremia. Incidentally in the United States, around 8 million people have uremic symptoms with a GFR of Blood tests Primary tests performed for the diagnosis of uremia arebasic metabolic panelwith serumcalciumandphosphorusto evaluate theGFR,blood urea nitrogenand creatinineas well as serumpotassium,phosphate,calciumandsodiumlevels. Uremia will show high levels of urea and creatinine, high phosphate, normal or slightly high sodium, likely depressed calcium levels and elevated potassium. The physician will check foranemia, thyroid and parathyroid functions in a basic routine test. A warning sign of established renal failure is chronic anemia. Calcium abnormalities can be determined by the thyroid and parathyroid panels as they are related to uremia as longstanding or unrelated illness of calcium metabolism, as well as work up any symptoms of fatigue. B. Urine tests In order to determine urea and creatinine clearance, a 24 hour urine collection may be an alternative but not be a very precise test due to the collection procedure. Alternate laboratory tests, that should be considered for the presence of blood casts, pH and protein, areurinalysiswith microscopic examination.[12] Methodology The constituents like Urea whose frequency responses are to be measured are dissolved in a known quantity of distilled water. The multivariate and curve-fitting statistical applications can model the multi-frequency bio-electrical impedance spectrum to develop parameters to estimate body composition like Urea, Cholesterol, Glucose etc.[13] The principle behind the response of these constituents is based on absorption of EM energy by various molecular vibrations in the sample. Preparation of samples Urea ranges from 10-20 mg/dL. Average concentration of urea i.e. 15 mg/dL was used in the preparation of samples. The solution samples were prepared using double distilled water with half, normal, double and triple concentrations of urea. All the above said concentrations of urea were dissolved in 1 mL of Alcohol and 14 mL of water. Experiments were performed in fast sweep mode followed by the slow sweep mode. The experiment was repeated twice with a gap of one hour and two hours, to invalidate the environmental effect. Both the results were compared to the initial results and were found to be accurate with a slight error. Cell Design A cell was fabricated with a length of 12.5cms, breadth of 1cm and height of 2cms. The inside and outside of the cell was lined with a thin copper foil which was then grounded. In order to prevent external radiation, the cell was placed in an iron container which was grounded.[14] The tracking generator, cell and signal analyzer were fastened onto a wooden plank to prevent any displacements as shown in Fig. 1. The tracking generator used is the ‘Signal Hound tracking generator’ and the signal analyzer used is the ‘Signal Hound Signal Analyzer’. Impedance measurement Signal is injected at connector 1 at one end of the cell from the Tracking Generator and then transmitted through the liquid column and observed at connector 2 at the other end of the cell. Fig. 1: Experimental Setup Results By using the above setup, the typical graph is recorded as shown in Fig. 2. The RF spectra is shown from 10 MHz to 500 MHz continuously. . Fig. 2: RF spectra from 10MHz to 500MHz Though the graph shown in Fig. 2 for all Urea concentrations which have a behaviour similar to that of the RF response of water, there is a subtle change in the attenuation level for urea at some points and its neighbourhood, some of which are given in Table I. Though concentration 3Urea is the extreme level of composition in the human blood, yet it was taken for investigation to see the observable changes in the absorption pattern for urea concentration. Since the variation were observed at the frequencies given in the table, it is always possible to extrapolate the concentration of urea to other concentrations which are normally found in the human blood. The table given below is very important when the estimation of the urea has to be done more quantitatively using mathematical regression tools. One such method is called multivariate regression technique for which these frequency points and corresponding attenuation can be fed as variables and the estimation of urea can be done for unknown sample concentrations. The work is in progress. TABLE I Variation of Attenuation level of Urea in dB Conclusion The manuscript describes an experimental technique to determine the urea concentration using RF response cell. The results obtained in the experiment show that the technique is useful for determining unknown concentrations of urea in any given blood sample non-invasively. The results shown are for laboratory prepared samples with Urea as major constituent and not actual blood sample which contain over 100 constituents. The method can be extended further to incorporate other constituents and can be actually compared with blood samples. The technique is useful in estimating urea concentration using multivariate system approach which is a purely mathematical tool. The combination of this tool with the above findings can develop into a full fledge instrumentation for determining blood urea concentration non-invasively. Acknowledgment Since a scholarship for the above work was provided by the Goa University, author Ingrid Anne P. Nazareth wishes to thank them profusely. References Grad, Frank P. The Preamble of The Constitution of The World Health Organization.Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 80, No.12, 2002, pp: 981-982 Dictionary – Health.Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 21 April 2011. World Health Organization. 2006.Constitution of the World Health Organization–Basic Documents, Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, October 2006 Walter F. Boron â€Å"Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach† Elsevier/Saunders, pp: 837 Anuja Pandey, Sanjay Zodpey, Sunanda Shrikhande, Anjali Sharma, â€Å"Human Resource Capacity Building Initiatives for Public Health Laboratories in India†, Indian Journal of Public Health, Vol 58, Issue 4, October-December 2014, pp: 224-229 Jacki Bishop, Thomas, Briony, â€Å"Manual of Dietetic Practice†, Section 1.9.2 Wiley-Blackwell, 2007. p: 76 G.A. Martinez, â€Å"Measuring System of Urea in Blood by Application in Recirculation for Hemodialysis† in Treatment, Technical Problems in Patients on Hemodialysis, chapter 13, 2011, pp:215-227 Juan Jesà ºs Carrero, Pharm, Abelardo Aguilera, Peter Stenvinkel, Fernando Gil, Rafael Selgas, Bengt Lindholm, â€Å"Appetite Disorders in Uremia† Vol 18, Issue 1, January 2008, pp:107-113 Bishop, M.L. Fody, E.P. and Schoeff, L.E. â€Å"Clinical Chemistry: Techniques, Principles, Correlations.† 6th Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p: 268. Burtis, C.A.; Ashwood, E.R. and Bruns, D.E. Tietz â€Å"Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics.† 5th Edition. Elsevier Saunders. p.1554 Timothy W. Meyer, and Thomas H. Hostetter, â€Å"Uremia† N Engl J Med 2007; Vol 357, No. 13, September 27, 2007 ,pp:1316-1325 Uremia Workup. A Brent Alper Jr. Medscape. Accessed athttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/245296-workup I.A.P. Nazareth, S.R.Vernekar, R.S. Gad, G.M. Naik, â€Å"An Algorithm for Estimation of Blood Cholesterol based on Regression Technique†, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSSE), Vol. 4, Issue 8, August 2014, pp. 758-761 I.A.P. Nazareth, S.R. Vernekar, R.S. Gad, G.M. Naik, â€Å"Application of RF Spectroscopy for Blood Glucose Measurement† International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Technology (IJECET), Vol. 5, Issue 7, July 2014, pp. 32-38

Advocating Change for the American Poor :: Poverty Poor Society Essays

Advocating Change for the American Poor In his review of Leon Dash’s book, Rosa Lee, Dan Cutler feels that the protagonist, Rosa Lee Cunningham, is doomed to a life of poverty because she does not believe she has any chance of success. He says that she had â€Å"little faith in the achievement ideology,† which made her feel that she was the â€Å"victim of hopeless circumstances† (Cutler). His understanding of the area Cunningham lives in is accurate, however, as a member of America’s underclass, Cunningham cannot waste time aspiring to become middle class, she must spend her time surviving. The problem facing members of the underclass is that there are no options for them to become upwardly mobile. An overwhelming majority of these downtrodden people are doomed to lives at or below the poverty level from the moment they are born into the ghetto. Trying to instill the â€Å"achievement ideology,† in people like Cunningham, so they do â€Å"not believe they are caught in a closed syst em† will not work, as Cutler asserts it will. What we must do for members of the underclass to rise in the economic ranks is to include them in the system, for the system is closed to them. For this to happen the United States government must take an active role in changing the it deals with the poorest members of society. The most economically successful country in the world has the power and money to change the structure of inner city economies. To do this we must re-evaluate our methods, and must stop blaming and punishing a group of underprivileged people who have no opportunity for their lack of opportunity. For example, the war on drugs does not stop drug use, it makes it worse. Imprisoning Blacks only furthers the division and chaos that is rampant among underclass families, who in turn, resort to more drug use to escape their dismal existence. Moreover, large corporations should not be allowed to abuse the underclass labor force, most of whom have no alternatives than to work for any wage, minimum or otherwise. Many corporations steal labor from poor workers, but it is the underclass who are punished when they steal. However inappropriate our actions in dealing with the underclass are we continue to believe them, thus people are imprisoned for stealing food or clothes, even though they neve r had an alternative. Advocating Change for the American Poor :: Poverty Poor Society Essays Advocating Change for the American Poor In his review of Leon Dash’s book, Rosa Lee, Dan Cutler feels that the protagonist, Rosa Lee Cunningham, is doomed to a life of poverty because she does not believe she has any chance of success. He says that she had â€Å"little faith in the achievement ideology,† which made her feel that she was the â€Å"victim of hopeless circumstances† (Cutler). His understanding of the area Cunningham lives in is accurate, however, as a member of America’s underclass, Cunningham cannot waste time aspiring to become middle class, she must spend her time surviving. The problem facing members of the underclass is that there are no options for them to become upwardly mobile. An overwhelming majority of these downtrodden people are doomed to lives at or below the poverty level from the moment they are born into the ghetto. Trying to instill the â€Å"achievement ideology,† in people like Cunningham, so they do â€Å"not believe they are caught in a closed syst em† will not work, as Cutler asserts it will. What we must do for members of the underclass to rise in the economic ranks is to include them in the system, for the system is closed to them. For this to happen the United States government must take an active role in changing the it deals with the poorest members of society. The most economically successful country in the world has the power and money to change the structure of inner city economies. To do this we must re-evaluate our methods, and must stop blaming and punishing a group of underprivileged people who have no opportunity for their lack of opportunity. For example, the war on drugs does not stop drug use, it makes it worse. Imprisoning Blacks only furthers the division and chaos that is rampant among underclass families, who in turn, resort to more drug use to escape their dismal existence. Moreover, large corporations should not be allowed to abuse the underclass labor force, most of whom have no alternatives than to work for any wage, minimum or otherwise. Many corporations steal labor from poor workers, but it is the underclass who are punished when they steal. However inappropriate our actions in dealing with the underclass are we continue to believe them, thus people are imprisoned for stealing food or clothes, even though they neve r had an alternative.

Government Hospitals of India

Healthcare in India features a universal health care system run by the constituent states and territories of India. The Constitutioncharges every state with â€Å"raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties†. The National Health Policy was endorsed by the Parliament of India in 1983 and updated in 2002. [1] However, the government sector is understaffed and underfinanced; poor services at state-run hospitals force many people to visit private medical practitioners. citation needed] Government hospitals, some of which are among the best hospitals in India, provide treatment at taxpayer expense. Most essential drugs are offered free of charge in these hospitals. Government hospitals provide treatment either free or at minimal charges. For example, an outpatient card at AIIMS (one of the best hospitals in India) costs a one time fee of rupees 10 (around 20 cents US) and thereafter outp atient medical advice is free. In-hospital treatment costs depend on financial condition of the patient and facilities utilized by him but are usually much less than the private sector.For instance, a patient is waived treatment costs if he is below poverty line. Another patient may seek for an air-conditioned room if he is willing to pay extra for it. The charges for basic in-hospital treatment and investigations are much less compared to the private sector. The cost for these subsidies comes from annual allocations from the central and state governments. Primary health care is provided by city and district hospitals and rural primary health centres (PHCs). These hospitals provide treatment free of cost.Primary care is focused on immunization, prevention of malnutrition, pregnancy, child birth, postnatal care, and treatment of common illnesses. [citation needed] Patients who receive specialized care or have complicated illnesses are referred to secondary (often located in district and taluk headquarters) and tertiary care hospitals (located in district and state headquarters or those that are teaching hospitals). [citation needed] In recent times,[when? ] India has eradicated mass famines, however the country still suffers from high levels of malnutrition and disease especially in rural areas.Water supply and sanitation in India is also a major issue in the country and many Indians in rural areas lack access to proper sanitation facilities and safe drinking water. However, at the same time, India's health care system also includes entities that meet or exceed international quality standards. The medical tourism business in India has been growing in recent years and as such India is a popular destination for medical tourists who receive effective medical treatment at lower costs than in developed countries.Disease India suffers from high levels of disease including Malaria,[17] and Tuberculosis where one third of the world’s tuberculosis cases are in In dia. [18] In addition, India along with Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan is one of the four countries worldwide where polio has not as yet been eradicated. Ongoing government of India education about HIV has led to decreases in the spread of HIV in recent years. The number of people living with AIDS in India is estimated to be between 2 and 3 million.However, in terms of the total population this is a small number. The country has had a sharp decrease in the estimated number of HIV infections; 2005 reports had claimed that there were 5. 2 million to 5. 7 million people afflicted with the virus. The new figures are supported by the World Health Organization and UNAIDS. [19][20][21] [edit]Pollution According to the World Health Organization 900,000 Indians die each year from drinking contaminated water and breathing in polluted air. 22] As India grapples with these basic issues, new challenges are emerging for example there is a rise in chronic adult diseases such as cardiovascular i llnesses and diabetes as a consequence of changing lifestyles. [23] [edit]Malnutrition Half of children in India are underweight, one of the highest rates in the world and nearly same as Sub-Saharan Africa. [24] India contributes to about 5. 6 million child deaths every year, more than half the world's total. [25] [edit]Water and sanitation Main article: Water supply and sanitation in India Water supply and sanitation in India is a matter of concern.As of 2003, it was estimated that only 30% of India's wastewater was being treated, with the remainder flowing into rivers orgroundwater. [26] The lack of toilet facilities in many areas also presents a major health risk; open defecation is widespread even in urban areas of India,[27][28] and it was estimated in 2002 by the World Health Organisation that around 700,000 Indians die each year from diarrhoea. [26] No city in India has full-day water supply. Most cities supply water only a few hours a day. [29] In towns and rural areas the s ituation is even worse. [edit]

Answers to Questions About Semicolons

Answers to Questions About Semicolons Answers to Questions About Semicolons Answers to Questions About Semicolons By Mark Nichol Here are several questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about use of prepositions, and my responses. 1. This sentence showcases my burning semicolon question: â€Å"That’s a great trick; best I’ve seen in ages.† I know the second clause in it contains no subject (or noun), at least explicitly. I’m therefore wondering whether this sentence can take a semicolon perhaps because the subject in the second clause is implied or instead deserves an em dash because there’s no second subject at all. The sentence, as you wrote it, is correct as you mention, the subject is implicit but the formality of the semicolon is at odds with the informality of the omission of the subject, so I’d opt for a breezy em dash instead. 2. In the following sentence, should semicolons separate the three business segments?: â€Å"Its businesses are divided into three segments: Domestic Retail, Bakeries and Foodservice, and International.† No, that’s a simple list with three simple elements. Even the addition of brief detail would not require semicolons, because the segments and their descriptions can be clearly delineated: â€Å"Domestic Retail, which includes merchandising through stores, Bakeries and Foodservice, which involves direct sales, and International, which deals with nondomestic buyers.† But when it would be obtrusive to repeat a structure such as â€Å"which (verb)† that clearly organizes the elements, use semicolons: â€Å"We invited our friends Jan and Dean; Fred and Wilma, the couple next door; and my brothers Greg, Peter, and Bobby and their wives.† 3. So, a comma in place of a semicolon is wrong? I once read a book on crafting sentences that mentioned that a semicolon is never accepted in American fiction and that a comma can always do the work. I’ve been going by this standard, and I like the economy and simplicity of the comma compared to the clumsy, Britishy semicolon. Do you think I’m wrong? A semicolon does seem intrusively formal for transcribing speech whether within dialogue in fiction or when quoting a speaker but replacing it with a comma is erroneous, and the book’s advice is unfortunate. I recommend using an em dash or starting a new sentence instead. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Latin Plural EndingsHow Do You Fare?

The Arab-Israeli Conflict essays

The Arab-Israeli Conflict essays The conflict between Palestine and Israel goes back thousands of years and has led to a number of drastic consequences, affecting peoples and current events all over the world to this very day. One reason for this is geography; Israel is situated in the centre of the Middle East. Also, the Middle East also possesses much of the planets oil, an economic necessity in todays society. Faith has also contributed to the international interest of this very public conflict for approximately half the worlds population adheres to religions born in the Middle East. The Middle East shares a deep and intense history, which has often led to controversy and heated tensions among dissimilar groups. The conflict between Israeli and Arab is both symbolic and substantial, and has drawn repeated military and diplomatic interventions. These, in turn have distorted and aggravated the situation and have resulted in a variety of consequences for the governments and persons of many countries all around th e world. Issues at stake include sovereignty, resources, labor, trade and security, and quite importantly questions of justice, human rights and political freedom. The Arabs are a people united by a common language, history and culture. Although most are Muslims, notably in Egypt and Lebanon, are Christian. Arabs make up the bulk of the population in the Middle East. Especially between the two world wars, the Arab world became infuriated by the efforts to create a new Jewish state in Palestine. Although conflict between the Arabs and Jews began much earlier, the modern Arab-Israeli military conflict started on the day of Israels foundation, 14 May 1948. Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people. Like the Arabs, the Jews were without their own nation. It has been estimated that 3 million Jews fled Eastern Europe in the thirty years before 1914 in order to escape persecution. At the same time, a mili...

International Comparative Human Resourcing Report Essay

International Comparative Human Resourcing Report - Essay Example Although people involved in international businesses activities face many issues in the domestic business but due to different social political economic and legal environment, multinationals will need to develop different practices. One of the challenges is to select expatriates and their ability to manage with integrity. Companies have to monitor the social performance of its expatriate managers to ensure that as managers become familiar with the cultural aspects of the country. Here we will take up an organization which is truly of global nature to discuss various HR issues. Ingvar Kamprad opened his furniture retailer IKEA in 1950; it now employs around 70, no. people, operates in thirty countries and generates a turnover of 11 billion Euros. Since its inception in 1950's IKEA has had to deal with the problem of maintaining its unique 'Swedishness' as a competitive advantage and at the same time having to adopt this to the different national cultures in which it has been working. IKEA has over the last 25 years become a global player this is unusual in furniture industry, which is often remains national in character. It has established itself all over Europe including the south and East and in North America. Its biggest single markets are Germany, Sweden and France. It has recently taken over Habitat, its main rival in UK and France. It has adopted the culture and philosophy of consensus decision making. Human resource management practices have reflected the strong Swedish approach with a belief that people like to participate in decision making, like to be respected and take on responsibility. But the company is working in multinational brand its human resource management policies are bound to face some problems. National culture is one such area. A national culture involves a complete system of customs, habitat rules values and belief shared by an overwhelming majority of the countries in habitants. People from different cultures view aspects of life in co ntrasting ways. Cultures even view time differently; some emphasize punctuality while others reflect little sense of urgency. There is considerable literature in cross cultural management. Hofstede is one of the most known theorists in this field. Hofstede's 1981 study, cultures consequences of culture dimensions constructed cultural dimensions; so that culture could be measured along four scales i.e. power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity. Hofstede's after work (2001) includes a fifth dimension, long-term/short-term orientation. Trompenaars and Hampden-turner's (1997) model examine culture with three main domains: relationships and rules, attitudes to time and attitudes to environment. Apart from these theories we have to remember that cultures are not static and change overtime. As countries become more affluent their population becomes more individualistic (Triandis, 2004). International assignees have to learn to work in thre e different cultures- national organizational and professional and these cultures shift in over time. Different cultures hold different conceptions and assumptions about organizations and their management. Hofstede's dimensions of culture can be applied to business practices in different countries to gain some

Wannaburger Restaurant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wannaburger Restaurant - Assignment Example This ensures the business can make the appropriate changes in ensuring they reach at the forecasted results. However, neglecting the measurement of all the objectives will not likely give the required performance. For example, when a business wants to improve in its sales, it should give a measurement on the planned improvement (International Institute of Business Analysis, 2005). Leaving out this particular aspect does not give an approach that will be instrumental in the improvement. Therefore, there is a need to look at measurable objectives before stating an approach in solving the incumbent issues. In this case, Wannaburger restaurant wants to make an improvement in its performance since the situation is not appealing. Therefore, it has to make succinct approaches in ensuring it has achieved what it wants both in the long term and in the short term. This is an approach that will guarantee better performance in terms of offering its services and products to the market in need. Th erefore, the business has to put its focus on the best approach that will increase its performance (Palepu and Healy, 2007). For example, the business has to make use of a better marketing mix that will attract a larger part of the market in demand for its products and services. Attracting a larger part of the market guarantees that the business will have an increase in the turnover. This means that their products will be highly demanded by the market (Hay, 2003). This will directly reflect an influx in the revenue of the business as it will garner more sales. This will in the end give a positive result on the profitability of the business. First of all, the business has to look for ways of enhancing its product. Most of the people in the market only appreciate the product and services that are offered. The market does not look for other aspects that are involved in the business and this could affect the business. For example, when a market is attracted to the quality of a product o r a service, they will continue using the product or service due to its quality. When the quality of the product or good is enhanced, the product or service will attract an even larger market. Therefore, enhancing their product is one of the aspects that should be considered. For example, when the quality of a product deteriorates, the market is likely to look for alternative products that have more quality (International Institute of Business Analysis, 2005). As such, the business is likely to loose a number of its esteemed customers due to deteriorating quality of products. Therefore, if the business wants to give a positive performance in the market, it should look forward into improving its products and services that are offered to the market. This will attract an even larger market in need of its products and services. In addition to this, the business should look at its competitors. When competitors are making an improvement in their businesses, other businesses have to take t he same route. This is due to the attraction the business poses to the market. With improved service and product delivery, the business is likely to attract a larger part of the market. The second aspect that should be considered in plotting a solution inn this scenario is the bordering market. At times, market expansion improves the performance of the business. For example, the business is likely to record an increase in the number of people that are allied to the services and products that are sold by the business (International Institute of Business Analysis, 2005). Therefore, this is a considerable approach that should be taken by Wannaburger restaurant. Apparently, an approach that would be used in this aspect is enhancing the market that borders the

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Marketing Plan - Essay Example Taj Mahal restaurant is a place which specializes in original, spicy Indian food made by proficient Indian chefs. The interior of the restaurant and it's atmosphere are discussed in the essay. Firstly, this essay focuses on it's audience. Their main customers would be the large number of New Yorkers who have heard about the Indian food and are looking for a quality place to eat, those couples and families who are bored from the routine food outlets and want something special. Secondly, their strategy will be to use direct advertising with comparatively low cost advertising means. The common advertising means that newspapers, magazines, pamphlets etc. will be utilized. The initial budget issue was explored too. The initial capital required for the business is $1,000,000 which includes the lease of building, the cost of furniture, interior decoration etc, budget statistics in a table was provided in the essay. In the final analysis, the researcher concludes that the restaurant business is very profitable investment when carefully planned. Examples show that such restaurants have a good rate of success which comes up with innovative ideas to meet an existing market need. Indian culture and food had recently gained popularity among western consumers. In scenario this essay explored, Taj Mahal Restaurant have a professionally conceived business plan to attract customers through a unique entertainment package along with quality food. Hence, it is hoped by the researcher that the idea will gain popularity beyond expectations.

Deficiency Disease Essay Example for Free

Deficiency Disease Essay Diseases that are caused by lack of some particular nutrient in a persons diet are called Deficiency Diseases. Following are some of those diseases, their cause and their treatment: 1. Night-blindness: A child having this disease is unable to see properly in the dark. His eyes become dull and listless and the skin becomes dry. If not treated in time, the child may become blind. Cause: This disease is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin A in the diet. Treatment: A child suffering from night-blindness should take a diet rich in vitamin A. Carrots, fish, fruits, milk, butter, etc., are all good sources of vitamin A. 2. Beri-beri: This is basically a disorder of the nerves. It affects the health of eyes % and skin, growth of the body, formation of muscles and blood. There may also to be stomach and intestinal disturbances. Cause: This disease is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin-B. Treatment: The affected child must eat the foods rich in vitamin B like milk, fish, meat, cereals, egg, etc., and also seek medical advice from a doctor. 3. Scurvy: People suffering from scurvy have swollen and bleeding gums. They lose weight and become weak. Their teeth start shaking and become loose. Cause: This disease is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin-C. Treatment: Oranges, citrus fruits, cabbage, amla, etc., should be included in the diet of the patient. 4. Rickets: In this disease, the bones of the legs become thin, deformed and curved (bow-legged). The bones of the child become weak and soft. Cause: This disease is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin D. Treatment: The affected child must eat the foods rich in vitamin D like milk, fish, meat, butter, egg, etc., and take the advice of a doctor. 5. Anaemia: In this disease, the level of the haemoglobin becomes low gets tired very easily and feels weak. The skin becomes pale. The lips and nails become dull and colourless. Cause: This disease is caused due to the deficiency of iron. Treatment: The person should have plenty of green, leafy vegetables like spinach and cabbage. Meat, apples, beans, dry fruits, etc., should be included in the diet. A doctor must also be consulted immediately. 6. Goitre: In this disease, there is swelling around the neck region of a person. Cause: This disease is caused due to the deficiency of iodine. Treatment: The affected person needs to add iodised salt to his or her food. Prevention: A high standard of nutrition must, however, be aimed at and carefully maintained to ensure complete freedom from these preventable causes of ill-health.

The HR Professional as Thinking Performer and Business Partner Essay ex

The HR Professional as Thinking Performer and Business Partner A lot has been written about the need for HR professional to be a â€Å"thinking performer† and a â€Å"business partner†. How can I demonstrate these two attributes within my own organisation? Let us begin by defining exactly what it is to be a â€Å"thinking performer† and â€Å"business partner†. Business Partner The very idea of being a strategic business partner was the subject of a CIPD (2004)1 survey which showed that 56% of those questioned aspired towards being considered a strategic partner. The fit of business partners into the organisation is as a combination of strategic HR and proactive HR. The same CIPD survey suggested that strategic partners are defined thus: a) Their current role profile for the HR function is perceived to be more strategic-proactive as opposed to operational-reactive b) They believe they have more involvement and influence in the business strategy process c) They are generally more positive about CEO and management perceptions of the HR function d) They spend greater time on strategy and less time on implementation of HR administration e) They place more emphasis on the HR competencies of strategic thinking, business knowledge and leadership abilities f) They perceive themselves as working for organisations in which HR performance outcomes are measured If we look at the above definitions, it appears that, a strategic business partner is combination of mind-set and the ability to spend more time on strategy. The HR Business Partner ensures that the best people solutions meet the strategic aims of the business. Ulrich defines the qualities of a HR business partner as follows: * Focus on outcomes and not process * Measure results * Help to resolve business problems * Be able to hold their own in discussion with business partners * Ensure that HR strategy is aligned with business strategy The change of HR’s role to business partner is well documented in HR publications and on HR websites. However, Lengnick Halls’ research of 1988 concluded â€Å"that there is little empirical evidence to suggest that strategic HR directly influences organisational performance or competitive advantage†. More recent research, Wright and Snell (1998) recently reviewed all of the studies attempting to demonstrate the fit b... ... advising of the internal processes that will affect delivery deadlines or payment terms. I would also recommend the development of an intranet to allow HR and business managers to get closer to employees by encouraging feedback on all aspects of employment. The intranet should be integrated with other systems to allow for easy use but any comments posted by employees should be anonymous to allow for honesty from employees. Indeed, Deloitte & Touche’s CEO and Managing Partner – John Connolly, believes that by surveying their employees on a regular basis, they have been enabled to understand what it is that drives their staff commitment to the firm. Engaging their staff is considered to be a key part of their HR strategy and to do this, they need to have a solid understanding of the issues that concern them. These are but some of the ways in which I would demonstrate my value in terms of being a business partner and thinking performer. It is my belief that all employees of our organisation should demonstrate both of these qualities in all aspects of their work to enable us to better deal with the unpredictable nature of our business, the market and our economy.

Divorce in the United States Essay -- Divorce Marriage Relationships E

Divorce in the United States Divorce involves the recognition that a marriage has hopelessly failed and that at least one of the partners has no desire to continue the marital relationship. Divorce legally dissolves a marriage, and permits the partners to remarry if they choose. Divorce differs from an annulment, which declares a marriage invalid because of some flaw in the contract. The early American settlers brought with them three different views on divorce: 1) the Roman Catholic view that marriage was a sacrament and that there could be no divorce; 2) the English view that divorce was a legislative matter; and 3) the Protestant view that marriage and divorce were secular matters to be handled by the civil authorities. The Constitution of the United States did nothing to limit the rights of the states to enact their own laws governing marriage and divorce. Despite several efforts to amend the Constitution, to allow Congress to pass federal legislation on divorce, to this day the states retain separate laws. Because divorce laws vary from state to state, the "migratory divorce" developed: couples would move temporarily to a state where divorce was easier to obtain than at home. For example, a couple living in New York State, where until 1967 the only grounds for divorce was adultery, would establish residence in Nevada - - a procedure that took only 6 weeks -- and file for divorce on grounds of mental cruelty. Popular attitudes toward divorce changed as the United States became more urbanized and less religious. The increasing acceptance of divorce was reflected in court interpretations of existing laws and in new legislation enacted by the states. Two tendencies merged, making possible the establishment of new and easier grounds for divorce. The focus of state divorce, which previously concerned itself with specifying legal grounds for divorce, shifted to criteria concerning the breakdown of the marital relationship. This could be seen in conditions that allowed divorce for alcoholism, drug addiction, or nonsupport. Another tendency permitted divorce if both parties gave of voluntarily separating and living apart for a specified period of time. For example, in 1967, New York allowed divorce for couples who had been legally separated for 2 years, eliminating the search for a guilty party. In 19... ...lo parenting, and stepfamilies / Genevieve Clapp. PUBL.: New York : Wiley, FORMAT: xv, 377 p. ; 23 cm. DATE: 1992 Myers, M. F., Men and Divorce (1989); AUTHOR: Myers, Michael F. TITLE: Men and divorce / Michael F. Myers. PUBL.: New York : Guilford Press, FORMAT: xv, 286 p. ; 24 cm. DATE: 1989 Splinter, John P., The Complete Divorce Recovery Handbook (1992); AUTHOR: Splinter, John P. TITLE: The complete divorce recovery handbook : grief, stress, guilt, children, co-dependence, self-esteem, dating, remarriage/ John P. Splinter. PUBL.: Grand Rapids, Mich. : Zondervan, FORMAT: p. cm. DATE: 1992 Walzac, Yvette, and Burns, Sheila, Children and Divorce (1984). AUTHOR: Teyber, Edward. TITLE: Helping children cope with divorce / Edward Teyber. EDITION: 1st pbk. ed. PUBL.: New York : Lexington Books ; Toronto : Maxwell Macmillan Canada; New York : Maxwell Macmillan International, FORMAT: ix, 221 p. ; 24 cm. DATE: 1994

Develop Health and Safety and Risk Management Policies Essay

An act is passed by Parliament, which is the highest form of law in the land. An act of parliament is the primary legislation of the UK. A law is considered to be an act when it has already been duly passed by a legislative body. It is for this reason that certain acts vary from one state to another. A regulation, on the other hand, is one that is approved by a group of individuals based on an act that has already been passed. These regulations are based on the act that has been approved and served as a means to make the act a lot easier to follow and adhere to. Delegated or secondary legislation allows the Government to make changes to the law using powers confered by an Act of Parliament. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 , also referred to as HSWA, HSW Act or HASAWA, is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in Great Britain. The Health and Safety Executive with local authorities (and other enforcing authorities) is responsible for enforcing the Act and a number of other Acts and Statutory Instruments relevant to the working environment. General duties of the act: †¢ To maintain or improve standards of health and safety at work, to protect other people against risks arising from work activities, to control the storage and use of dangerous substances and to control certain emissions into the air. †¢ Contains the duties placed upon employers with regard to their employees. †¢ Places duties on employers and the self-employed to ensure their activities do not endanger anybody (with the self-employed that includes themselves), and to provide information, in certain circumstances, to the public about any potential hazards. †¢ Places a duty on those in control of premises, which are non-domestic and used as a place of work, to ensure they do not endanger those who work within them. †¢ Places duties on manufacturers, suppliers, designers, importers etc. in relation to articles and substances used at work. †¢ Places duties upon employees. †¢ Places a duty on everyone not to intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interests of health, safety and welfare. †¢ Provides that an employer may not charge his employees for anything done, or equipment provided for health and safety purposes under a relevant statutory provision. It also establishes the Health & Safety Commission (HSC) and Executive (HSE), lays out the systems for enforcing the act, including the penalties for breaches of law and is the source of Crown immunity. The Health and Safety Commission (HSC) is responsible for health and safety regulation in Great Britain. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (and local authorities) are the enforcing authorities who work in support of the HSC. Both are statutory bodies, established under the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (the HSW Act). HSC’s statutory functions include conducting and sponsoring research; promoting training; providing an information and advisory service; and submitting proposals to Ministers for new or revised regulations and approved codes of practice. HSE advises and assists HSC and has specific statutory responsibilities of its own, notably for enforcing health and safety law. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (amended 2003) These Regulations require an employer to implement preventive and protective measures on the basis of general principles of prevention set out in EU legislation. There is also a new regulation requiring that a competent person in the employer’s employment shall be appointed for the purpose of assisting him in undertaking the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under statutory provisions (not one who is not in his employment as in previous legislation). Employers must also arrange any necessary contacts with external services, especially as regards first-aid, emergency medical care and rescue work, that might be needed. In the event of failure to comply with these Regulations, it is not an adequate defence that it was caused by his employee or by any other. RIDDOR 1995 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations It places a legal duty on employers, the self-employed and those in control of premises to report some work-related accidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences to the relevant enforcing authority for their work activity. This can be the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or one of the local authorities. Responsible persons are generally employers but also include various managers and occupiers of premises. Though the regulations do not impose a specific obligation on employees, they have a general obligation under section 7 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 to take care of safety. The Health and Safety Executive recommends that they report incidents to their employer and encourages voluntary notification to the relevant regulating authority. COSSH 1994 (amended 2002) COSHH is the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health. You can prevent or reduce workers exposure to hazardous substances by: †¢ finding out what the health hazards are †¢ deciding how to prevent harm to health †¢ providing control measures to reduce harm to health †¢ making sure they are used †¢ keeping all control measures in good working order †¢ providing information, instruction and training for employees and others †¢ providing monitoring and health surveillance in appropriate cases †¢ planning for emergencies Most businesses use substances, or products that are mixtures of substances. Some processes create substances. These could cause harm to employees, contractors and other people. Sometimes substances are easily recognized as harmful. Common substances such as paint, bleach or dust from natural materials may also be harmful. Manual Handling Operations 1992 This is defined, in Regulation 2, as ‘any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or by bodily force. The regulations apply to all work that involves carrying or holding loads such as lifting boxes, packing goods, or pushing or pulling trolleys. They specify all factors employers must consider if they employ manual workers. These include whether manual tasks involve awkward movements, moving loads over long distances, holding goods that are difficult to grasp and the capabilities of the worker. Employers are required to provide adequate training to staff on safe handling and lifting techniques relevant to the task. Manual handling is a major source of injury and the HSE have provided a lot of supporting materials and guidance for employers on how to minimize the risks involved in MH operations. Food Safety Act 1990 The Food Safety Act 1990 is wide-ranging legislation on food safety and consumer protection in relation to food throughout Great Britain. The Act covers activities throughout the food distribution chain, from primary production through distribution to retail and catering. It gives the Government powers to make regulations on matters of detail. The Food Standards Agency is the principal Government Department responsible for preparing specific regulations under the Act. The main aims of the Act are: †¢ to ensure that all food meets consumers expectations in terms of nature, substance and quality and is not misleadingly presented; †¢ to provide legal powers and specify offences in relation to public health and consumers’ interest; and †¢ to enable Great Britain to fulfill its part of the United Kingdoms’ responsibilities in the European Union. Food Hygiene Regulations 2006 The way in which you achieve the following points depends on the individual setting. Whichever policy you have, it should firstly include a written statement that outlines your food safety procedures, and secondly be reviewed at regular intervals. You should always bear in mind that it has been developed to encourage businesses put in place food safety management procedures, and to comply with food hygiene regulations. It applies to everyone who works in the food business, from owners and managers right through to food handling staff. Businesses can range from a supermarket, cafe, pub, mobile food stall, exclusive restaurant, right through to a school dining area. All sectors are covered including; caterers, primary producers (such as farmers), manufacturers, distributors and retailers. It relates to public or private organizations involved in any of the following activities; †¢ preparation of food †¢ processing of food †¢ manufacture of food †¢ packaging of food †¢ storage of food †¢ transportation/distribution of food †¢ handling of food †¢ Offering food for sale. Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (FSO) 2005 The Order applies to virtually all buildings, places and structures other than individual private dwellings e.g. individual flats in a block or family homes, and it is your responsibility to make sure your workplace reaches the required standard and employees are provided with adequate fire safety training. The Fire Safety Order places the emphasis on risk reduction and fire prevention. Under the Order, people responsible for commercial buildings i.e. the employer, owner, or any other person who has control of any part of the premises, are required to carry out a mandatory detailed fire risk assessment identifying the risks and hazards in the premises.